Topic 8

Question 1

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 1

consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 2

Consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers
Connects CNS to muscles, glands & all sensory receptors

Question 3

Somatic (voluntary) nervous system (SNS)

Answer 3

Sensory neurons from cutaneous and special sensory receptors to the CNS
Motor neurons to skeletal muscle tissue

Question 4

Autonomic (involuntary) nervous systems (ANS)

Answer 4

Sensory neurons from visceral organs to CNS

Motor neurons to smooth & cardiac muscle and glands

Question 5

sympathetic division

Answer 5

speeds up heart rate

Question 6

parasympathetic division

Answer 6

Slows down heart rate

Question 7

Enteric nervous system (ENS)

Answer 7

Involuntary sensory & motor neurons control GI tract

Neurons function independently of ANS & CNS

Question 8

Sensory function

Answer 8

sense changes in the internal and external environment

Question 9

Integrative function

Answer 9

analyze the sensory information, store some aspects, and make decisions regarding appropriate behaviors

Question 10

Motor function

Answer 10

Respond to stimuli by initiating action

Question 11

Neurons

Answer 11

Functional unit of the nervous system

Question 12

Dendrites

Answer 12

small neuronal cell processes (carry impulse toward the cell body of a neuron)

Question 13

Cell Body

Answer 13

contains a single nucleus and other organelles (produce neurotransmitters)

Question 14

Axon

Answer 14

a long, single neuronal cell process (carry impulse away from the cell body of a neuron)

Question 15

Multipolar neuron

Answer 15

Multiple connections

Question 16

Bipolar neuron

Answer 16

2 connections

Question 17

Unipolar neuron

Answer 17

1 connection

Question 18

Sensory or afferent neurons

Answer 18

Nerve impulse (action potential) conducted to the CNS
Most are Unipolar

Question 19

Motor or efferent neurons

Answer 19

Nerve impulse (action potential) conducted away from the CNS to effectors
Multipolar

Question 20

Interneurons or association neurons

Answer 20

Between sensory and motor neurons (in the CNS)

Most are multipolar

Question 21

Neuroglia

Answer 21

“glue” that holds nervous tissue together
●Actively participate in the activities of nervous tissue
●do not generate or propagate action potentials
●4 types of neuroglial cells are found in the CNS, 2 types in the PNS

Question 22

The 4 types of neurogila of the CNS

Answer 22

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

Question 23

Astrocytes

Answer 23

Star-shaped, the largest and most numerous of the neuroglia
Maintains the blood-brain-barrier
Protect neurons by wrapping around blood capillaries
Play a role in learning and memory – guides the formation of neural synapses

Question 24

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 24

Smaller than astrocytes and with fewer processes
forms and maintains myelin which insulates nerve cells in the CNS
Analogous to Schwann cells of the PNS

Question 25

Microglia

Answer 25

Small cells that remove cellular debris

Question 26

Ependymal cells

Answer 26

Cuboidal to columnar cells – possess microvilli and cilia Line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord play a role in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis, brain metabolism, and the clearance of waste from the brain

Question 27

The 2 types of neurogila of the PNS

Answer 27

Schwann cells | Satellite cells

Question 28

Schwann cells

Answer 28

Cells encircling PNS axons Each cell produces part of the myelin sheath surrounding an axon in the PNS Participate in axon regeneration

Question 29

Satellite cells

Answer 29

Flat cells, provide structural support and regulate exchange of materials

Question 30

Myelination

Answer 30

Process of ensheathing axons with myelin

Question 31

Ganglion

Answer 31

A group (mass) of neuronal cell bodies lying outside the CNS

Question 32

Nucleus

Answer 32

A cluster of unmyelinated neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

Question 33

Nerve

Answer 33

A bundle of axons located in the PNS

Question 34

Tract

Answer 34

A bundle of axons located in the CNS

Question 35

Gray matter

Answer 35

Areas in the CNS and ganglia containing neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia

Question 36

White matter

Answer 36

Areas in the CNS that primarily contain myelinated axons

Question 37

Action Potential AKA Nerve Impulse

Answer 37

Electrical signal that propagates along the membrane of a neuron or muscle fibre

Question 38

Factors that affect speed of propagation

Answer 38

Amount of myelination Axon diameter Temperature