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Bio Prep > Topic 8 > Flashcards

Topic 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

consists of the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers
Connects CNS to muscles, glands & all sensory receptors

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3
Q

Somatic (voluntary) nervous system (SNS)

A

Sensory neurons from cutaneous and special sensory receptors to the CNS
Motor neurons to skeletal muscle tissue

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4
Q

Autonomic (involuntary) nervous systems (ANS)

A

Sensory neurons from visceral organs to CNS

Motor neurons to smooth & cardiac muscle and glands

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5
Q

sympathetic division

A

speeds up heart rate

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6
Q

parasympathetic division

A

Slows down heart rate

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7
Q

Enteric nervous system (ENS)

A

Involuntary sensory & motor neurons control GI tract

Neurons function independently of ANS & CNS

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8
Q

Sensory function

A

sense changes in the internal and external environment

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9
Q

Integrative function

A

analyze the sensory information, store some aspects, and make decisions regarding appropriate behaviors

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10
Q

Motor function

A

Respond to stimuli by initiating action

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11
Q

Neurons

A

Functional unit of the nervous system

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12
Q

Dendrites

A

small neuronal cell processes (carry impulse toward the cell body of a neuron)

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13
Q

Cell Body

A

contains a single nucleus and other organelles (produce neurotransmitters)

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14
Q

Axon

A

a long, single neuronal cell process (carry impulse away from the cell body of a neuron)

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15
Q

Multipolar neuron

A

Multiple connections

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16
Q

Bipolar neuron

A

2 connections

17
Q

Unipolar neuron

A

1 connection

18
Q

Sensory or afferent neurons

A 
Nerve impulse (action potential) conducted to the CNS
Most are Unipolar
19
Q

Motor or efferent neurons

A 
Nerve impulse (action potential) conducted away from the CNS to effectors
Multipolar
20
Q

Interneurons or association neurons

A

Between sensory and motor neurons (in the CNS)

Most are multipolar

21
Q

Neuroglia

A

“glue” that holds nervous tissue together
●Actively participate in the activities of nervous tissue
●do not generate or propagate action potentials
●4 types of neuroglial cells are found in the CNS, 2 types in the PNS

22
Q

The 4 types of neurogila of the CNS

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

23
Q

Astrocytes

A

Star-shaped, the largest and most numerous of the neuroglia
Maintains the blood-brain-barrier
Protect neurons by wrapping around blood capillaries
Play a role in learning and memory – guides the formation of neural synapses

24
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Smaller than astrocytes and with fewer processes
forms and maintains myelin which insulates nerve cells in the CNS
Analogous to Schwann cells of the PNS

25
Q

Microglia

A

Small cells that remove cellular debris

26
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Cuboidal to columnar cells – possess microvilli and cilia
Line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord
play a role in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis, brain metabolism, and the clearance of waste from the brain

27
Q

The 2 types of neurogila of the PNS

A

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

28
Q

Schwann cells

A

Cells encircling PNS axons
Each cell produces part of the myelin sheath surrounding an axon in the PNS
Participate in axon regeneration

29
Q

Satellite cells

A

Flat cells, provide structural support and regulate exchange of materials

30
Q

Myelination

A

Process of ensheathing axons with myelin

31
Q

Ganglion

A

A group (mass) of neuronal cell bodies lying outside the CNS

32
Q

Nucleus

A

A cluster of unmyelinated neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

33
Q

Nerve

A

A bundle of axons located in the PNS

34
Q

Tract

A

A bundle of axons located in the CNS

35
Q

Gray matter

A

Areas in the CNS and ganglia containing neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia

36
Q

White matter

A

Areas in the CNS that primarily contain myelinated axons

37
Q

Action Potential AKA Nerve Impulse

A

Electrical signal that propagates along the membrane of a neuron or muscle fibre

38
Q

Factors that affect speed of propagation

A

Amount of myelination
Axon diameter
Temperature

Bio Prep (13 decks)

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