Topic 2

Question 1

Atomic number

Answer 1

Number of protons in an atom

Question 2

Mass number

Answer 2

Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 3

Atomic mass

Answer 3

The average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes

Question 4

Ions

Answer 4

Atoms that have given up or gained an electron in their outer electron shell

Question 5

Molecules

Answer 5

Formed when atoms share electrons

Question 6

Ionic bonds

Answer 6

Form when an atom loses or gains a valence electron

Question 7

Covalent bond

Answer 7

Atoms share electrons rather than gain/lose them

Question 8

Single covalent

Answer 8

2 atoms share 1 electron pair

Question 9

Double covalent

Answer 9

2 atoms share 2 pairs of electrons

Question 10

Triple covalent

Answer 10

2 atoms share 3 electron pairs

Question 11

Nonpolar covalent

Answer 11

Electrons are shared equally

Question 12

Polar covalent

Answer 12

Unequal sharing of electrons

Question 13

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 13

Polar covalent bonds that form between hydrogen atoms and other atoms

Question 14

Chemical bonds (what do they do)

Answer 14

Forces that hold the atoms of a molecule together

Question 15

3 types of chemical bonds

Answer 15

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Question 16

Chemical reactions

Answer 16

Occur when electrons in valence shell are shared/transferred. New bonds form and/or old bonds are broken

Question 17

Exergonic reaction

Answer 17

Releases energy

Question 18

Endergonic reaction

Answer 18

Requires energy

Question 19

Catalysts

Answer 19

Chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur

Question 20

Synthesis reaction

Answer 20

A+B -> AB

Question 21

Decomposition reactions

Answer 21

AB -> A+B

Question 22

Exchange reactions

Answer 22

AB+CD -> AD+CB

Question 23

Reversible reactions

Answer 23

AC A+C

Question 24

Metabolism

Answer 24

Sum total of all chemical reactions in the body

Question 25

Inorganic compounds

Answer 25

Lack carbon
Tend to be simpler compounds
Salts, water

Question 26

Organic compounds

Answer 26

Contain carbon
Most are covalently bonded
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, adenosine triphosphate(ATP)

Question 27

Water

Answer 27

Most important and abundant inorganic compound in all living systems

Question 28

Salts

Answer 28

Easily dissociate into ions
Vital to many body functions
Include electrolytes which conduct electrical currents

Question 29

Dissociation

Answer 29

Acid, base or salt separates into ions and becomes surrounded by water molecules

Question 30

Carbohydrates

Answer 30

Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Include sugar and starches
Classified according to size

Question 31

Monosaccharides

Answer 31

(Carbohydrate) simple sugars

Question 32

Disaccharides

Answer 32

(Carbohydrate) 2 simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis

Question 33

Polysaccharides

Answer 33

(Carbohydrate) long branching chains of linked simple sugars

Question 34

Lipids

Answer 34

Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Carbon and hydrogen outnumber oxygen
Insoluble in water

Question 35

Triglycerides

Answer 35

(Lipid) most plentiful lipids in the body and provide protection, insulation, and energy

Question 36

Phospholipids

Answer 36

(Lipid) form cell membranes

Are amphipathic with both polar and nonpolar regions

Question 37

Steroids

Answer 37

(Lipid) for example cholesterol (found in cell membrane and needed for synthesis of other steroids, bile salts, vitamin D, and sex hormones