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Bio Prep > Topic 7 > Flashcards

Topic 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of muscular tissue

A

Producing body movements
Stabilizing body positions
Moving substances within the body
Generating heat

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2
Q

Excitability

A

Ability to respond to stimuli

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3
Q

Contractility

A

Ability to contract forcefully when stimulated

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4
Q

Extensibility

A

Ability to stretch without being damaged

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5
Q

Elasticity

A

Ability to return to an original length

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6
Q

Striated

A

Alternating light and dark bands

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7
Q

Voluntary

A

Activity is consciously controlled

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8
Q

Myocyte

A

Mature muscle cell AKA muscle fibre (set before birth and last a lifetime)

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9
Q

Hypertrophy

A

An enlargement existing muscle fibres (muscle growth)

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10
Q

Satellite cells

A

Quiescent cells located next to a muscle fibre and become active when regeneration or repair is necessary

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11
Q

Inside a myocyte

A

Surrounded by a cell membrane called sarcolemma and contains sarcoplasm and cell organelles, including myofibrils, nuclei, mitochondria, and T tubules

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12
Q

Inside myofibrils

A

Contractile filaments called actin and myosin

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13
Q

CT components

A

Fascia
Tendon
Aponeurosis

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14
Q

Fascia

A

Dense sheet or broad band of irregular CT that surrounds muscles
Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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15
Q

Tendon

A

Cord that attaches a muscle to bone

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16
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad, flattened tendon

17
Q

A muscle

A

Fascicles
Blood vessels
Nerves
Epimysium

18
Q

Fascicle

A

Muscle fibres
Blood vessels
Nerves
Perimysium

19
Q

Muscle fibre

A 
Myofibrils 
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasm
Mitochondria
Multi nuclei
Endomysium
20
Q

Myofibril

A 
Thin filaments (actin)
Thick filaments (myosin)
Sarcomeres
21
Q

Somatic motor neurons

A

Neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle to contract

22
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

The synapse between the end of a somatic motor neuron and the muscle fibre

23
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Neurotransmitter released into the synaptic cleft. Binds to receptors on the muscle fibre plasma membrane, causing depolarization of the cell membrane

24
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

1) AP travels along pre-synaptic neuron
2) AP stimulates release of ACh from vesicle into synaptic cleft
3) ions travel across muscle cell membrane which changes charge
4) sarcoplasm continues to depolarize and
5) AP spreads throughout T tubule system
6) stimulates release of calcium into sarcoplasm
7) reuptake of calcium to end contraction

25
Q

If a muscle contraction occurs for more than a few seconds this will take place

A

Cellular respiration

26
Q

Metabolizing

A

Créatine phosphate - 15 seconds of energy

27
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis

A

Converts glucose into ATP - 2 minutes of energy

28
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Converts glucose into ATP as well as going through a number of reactions that require oxygen to produce a lot ATP - minutes to hours of energy

29
Q

Muscle fatigue

A

Inability of muscle to maintain force of contraction after prolonged activitiy

30
Q

Factors that contribute to muscle fatigue

A

Inadequate release of calcium ions from the SR
Depletion of creatine phosphate
Insufficient oxygen
Depletion of glycogen and other nutrients
Buildup of lactic acid and ADP
Failure of the motor neuron to release enough acetylcholine

31
Q

Red muscle fibres

A 
Have a high myoglobin content
Appear darker
Contain more mitochondria
Supplied by more blood capillaries
Produce slow and weak contractions
32
Q

White muscle fibres

A

Have a low content of myoglobin
Appear lighter
Produce fast and strong contractions

33
Q

Muscle tone

A

A small amount of tension in the muscle due to weak contractions of motor units
Small groups of motor units are alternatively active
and inactive in a constantly shifting pattern to sustain muscle tone
Muscle tone keeps skeletal muscles firm

34
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Found only in the walls of the heart
Striated like skeletal muscle, mononucleated
Cardiac muscle cells do not regenerate quickly, most often scar tissue forms

35
Q

Heart contraction

A

Involuntary

36
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Located in the walls of hollow internal organs, blood, vessels, and airways. Also found in the eyes and the
arrector pili muscle of the hair follicles.
Lacks the striations of skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue
Usually involuntary
Contraction lasts longer than skeletal muscles and hence able to sustain long-term muscle tone
Regenerates most easily of all the muscle tissue types

Bio Prep (13 decks)

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