Topic 7 - Inheritance Flashcards
Heterozygous
Describes an individual where both alleles of a gene are different
Sex chromosome
Chromosomes that contain genes that determine the sex of an organism
Genotype
The genetic make up of an organism, the total combination of alleles an organism has inherited
Diploid
A cell containing half the number of chromosomes
Recessive allele
An allele that is not expressed in the phenotype of heterozygous organisms
Allele
Different forms of the same gene
Homologous pair
Two chromosomes containing the same genes at the same loci but potentially containing different alleles
Haploid
A cell containing half the diploid number of chromosomes
Phenotype
Observable or measurable features of an organism
Zygote
A diploid cell formed from fusing two haploid nuclei
Recessive
An allele only expressed in homozygous individuals
Dominant
An allele that is expressed in the phenotype of heterozygous organisms
Autosome
Chromosomes that are not sex determining chromosome
Sister chromatid
Identical copies of a chromosome formed in DNA replication. Containing the same alleles in the same locations
Gene
A length of a DNA coding for the production of a polypeptide or protein and occupying a specific locus on a chromosome
Homozygous
Describes an individual where both alleles of a gene are the same
DNA
A polynucleotide chain
Chromatin
Loosely packed molecule of DNA and proteins
Chromatid
One half of a duplicated pair of chromosomes (sister chromatids)
Chromosome
A structure that forms when chromatin condenses
