Topic 1 - Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is an isomer?
A compound with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms?
How are monosaccharides classified?
Classified by the number of carbon atoms
What is alpha glucose found in?
Starch and glycogen
What is beta glucose found in?
Plant cell walls, cellulose
What bonds do carbohydrates form?
Glycosidic bonds by a condensation reaction
Example of a disaccharide?
Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
Example of a polysaccharide?
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
What is the test for a non-reducing sugar?
No colour change so… 1) Heat sample with dilute HCl. 2) Neutralise by adding sodium hydrogen carbonate. 3) Heat with Benedict’s.
What is the test for reducing sugars?
1) Add Benedict’s solution. To test for the presence of a sugar. 2) Heat the mixture. 3) observe the colour change: blue is weakest concentration and brick red is highest concentration.
What is starch broken down into?
Maltose and glucose by hydrolysis.
Where is starch found?
Found in chloroplast and stomata.
What is starch/glycogen formed from?
Formed from alpha glucose
Why is starch used in energy storage?
It is dense and soluble
What does starch form?
Bonds to form amylopectin
Where is glycogen found?
Muscle cells in animals
