Topic 5 - Energy & Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

What do pyramids of energy show?

A

Represent the total amount of energy that flows through each trophic level. They are always pyramid shaped as energy cannot be created.

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2
Q

What do pyramids of biomass represent?

A

Represent the total dry mass of living organisms each trophic level.

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3
Q

What do pyramids of numbers represent?

A

These show the numbers of organisms at each trophy level in a food chain.

The width of the bars represent the numbers and can be drawn to scale.

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4
Q

How is biomass determined?

A

Biomass is found by drying and weighing the organisms at each trophic level, or by counting the number of organisms and multiplying by an average individual mass.

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5
Q

What is biological control?

A

Involves using a predator or parasite of a pest to control, not eradicate its population.

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6
Q

How can chemical energy store be estimated?

A

Using calorimetry e.g. bomb calorimetry

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7
Q

How is energy minimised in intensive rearing of domestic livestock?

A

1) Kept inside in warm conditions to limit energy loss due to maintaining body temperature.

2) Kept in cramp conditions to limit energy loss due to movement.

3) Fed a concentrated and controlled diet, to maximise the amount of food used to create biomass.

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8
Q

What is the equation for net production in consumers?

A

N = I-(F+R)

N = net production
I = chemical energy
F = chemical energy lost to environment
R = respiratory losses

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9
Q

Why is leaching less common in natural fertilisers?

A

They are less soluble and need to be decomposed first by microorganisms.

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10
Q

What are saprobionts?

A

Micro organisms that digest the dead tissue and waste, releasing the elements back into the cycle.

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11
Q

What is the equation for Net Primary Production (NPP)?

A

NPP = GPP - R

net primary productivity = gross primary productivity - respiratory loses to the environment

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12
Q

What is Net Primary Productivity?

A

The chemical energy store in plant biomass after respiratory losses to the environment have been taken into account.

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13
Q

What is Gross Primary Productivity?

A

The chemical energy store in plant biomass, in a given area or volume.

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14
Q

What is a bomb calorimeter?

A

Drying out materials then burning it in oxygen.

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15
Q

How can biomass be measured?

A

Biomass can be measured in terms of mass of carbon or dry mass of tissue per given area.

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