Topic 7 - Describe the examination findings of the upper airways in the dog! Flashcards
What is part of the upper airways?
Trachea to nose
Name the different parts included in the upper airways:
- Nose
- Paranasal sinuses
- Larynx
- Pharynx
- Trachea
- Palate
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
Coughing is also included
Which parameters to check in the nose?
- Nasal plane, nasal openings and nostrils
- Nasal discharge
- Breath
- Respiratory sounds of the nostrils
- Look at shape and form of the nose
Normal breath:
- Symmetrical from both nostrils
- Check strenght
- Check smell (should be none)
- Temperature
Normal nasal discharge:
should be none
If nasal discharge is present, what to check?
- Amount
- Consistency
- Smell
- From one or both nostrils
Normal nasal plane:
- Moist
- Intact
- Pigmented
Normal respiratory sounds from the nostrils:
no sounds
If sounds = stridor
Name the different stridor types:
- Nasal
- Pharyngeal
- Laryngeal
(4. Collapsed trachea)
Sound of nasal stridor:
Sniffing
Sound of pharyngeal stridor:
Snoring
Sound of laryngeal stridor:
Sawing
Sound of collapsed trachea:
Tooting on expiration
Which obstruction will give a mixed stridor?
Narrow trachea/bronchitis
Which obstruction will give inspiratory stridor?
Paralysis of larynx
How to examine palate and nasopharynx?
Open mouth, use mirror to examine properly at the caudal part of the mouth
What is the oropharynx?
this is where the respiratory and digestive tracts cross
How to examine the paranasal sinsuses?
With percussion
Name the different paranasal sinuses:
- Maxillary (more a maxillary recess)
- Frontal
Where can we find the sinuses?
How to test coughing?
- Press the tracheal rings
Different types of coughing:
- Medium held
- Medium intensive
- Medium deep
- unsnapping
- dry
- painless
- Does no reoccur
How to inspect the larynx and pharynx?
Only external examination
- Inspection
- Palpation
- Auscultation
normal larynx and pharynx upon inspection:
no swelling, no deformity and intact surface
normal larynx and pharynx upon palpation:
not painful, temperature is the same as the surroundings, no abnormal masses
normal larynx and pharynx upon ausculation:
Normal weak stridor during inspiration and expiration
Can we do internal examination of larynx and pharynx?
Yes, but only under sedation - and is done with a laryngoscopy
