Topic 6: Animal Tissue Flashcards
What is the location epithelial tissue?
Internal & External surfaces of body organs
Internal epithelium = Endothelium
Location = Specific to function in body
What is the structure of epithelial tissue?
Classified according to shape, size & number of layers of the
cells
The bottom layer of cells attached to the basement membrane
What are the 3 types of epithelial tissue?
Cuboidal
Columnar
Squamous
Describe cuboidal epithelium.
Structure
-Closely Packed
-Cube Shaped
Location
-Line Kidney Tubes
-Some Glands
Function
-Absorption
-Secretion of Substances
Describe squamous epithelium.
Location:
-Line blood vessels and air sacs
Structure:
-Thin and flat
-Large Surface area
-Smooth
-Packed closely together
Function
-Reduce friction between blood cells and walls of blood vessels
-Allow nutrients and gases to diffuse easily through
What are the 2 types of columnar epithelium?
Columnar
Ciliated Columnar
Explain the columnar epithelium.
Structure:
-Tall
Location:
-Line - stomach, intestines, parts of respiratory tract
Functions:
-protection, absorption,
secretion, movement of
particles
-Some have specialised sensory functions
What are goblet cells?
Between columnar epithelial cells - secrete mucus to keep surfaces moist and smooth
Explain ciliated columnar epithelium.
Structure:
-Columnar epithelial cells with fine hair-like
outgrowths (cilia)
-Cilia move quickly &
rhythmically
Function:
-Cilia move mucus
-Air Passages (move dust particles trapped in mucous)
-Uterus, Fallopian Tubes (move ovum along)
Explain the cuboidal shape.
Closely packed
Protective lining
Cube shaped
What is the difference between simple and stratified squamous?
Simple:
-Thin and flat
-Large surface area
-Diffuse nutrients and gasses
-Smooth
-Reduce friction
Stratified:
-Several layers
-Flattened cells
-Withstand wear and tear
What is the difference between columnar epithelium and ciliated columnar epithlium?
Columnar:
-Large surface area
-Absorbs
-Goblet cells
Ciliated columnar:
-Cilia
-Move substances and structures
What are the shared characteristics of connective tissue?
Cells scattered in a matrix.
Matrix can be liquid, jelly or solid
Can contain fibres
Type of connective tissue depends on:
-composition and
arrangement of cells
-type of fibres
-type of matrix
What is the structure and function of loose connective tissue?
Structure:
-Fluid-like matrix containing collagen fibres, elastic fibres and cells
Function:
-Collagen gives strength and elastic fibres enable tissue to stretch
-Binds the epithelium to other tissues and holds our organs in place
What is the structure and function of fibrous connective tissue?
Structure:
-Matrix is a dense network of collagen fibres.
– Few cells
Function:
-Collagen fibres give
strength to tendons and
ligaments
What is the structure and function of cartilage?
Structure:
-Cartilage cells and
collagen fibres in rubbery matrix
-Matrix and collagen fibres are secreted by cartilage cells
Function:
:Flexible but provides
support to reduce friction between bones
What is the structure and function of bone?
Structure:
-Contains bone cells in
spaces in a hard matrix
Bone cells:
-Secrete minerals
-Cytoplasm of bone cells
forms long processes
-Food and gases
travel through cytoplasm
Function:
-Forms skeleton
-Strength and support
-Points of attachment
for muscles to bring
about movement
What is the structure and function of adipose tissue?
Structure:
-Adipose cells in matrix
-Each cell has fat droplets that swells when fat is stored and shrinks when fat is used up for fuel
Function:
-Insulation
-Energy storage
-Protection
-Shock absorber
What is the structure and function of blood tissue?
Structure:
-cells in a fluid matrix
– Matrix consists of plasma
– Cells are red blood cells, white blood cells
Function:
-Transport of oxygen and nutrients as well as carbon dioxide and waste products
-Protection against infection
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue and where is it found?
Skeletal - attached to bone
Cardiac - walls of heart
Smooth - internal organs
What is the structure and function of skeletal muscle?
Structure:
-Bundles of long muscle
cells = muscle fibres
-Thin muscle cells arrange parallel
-In each muscle fibre there are many small fibres with light and dark bands
Function:
-Voluntary movement
What is the structure and function of cardiac muscle?
Structure:
-Branched
-Ends joined by discs
Cannot control these muscles
Function:
-Contract rhythmically
-Carry messages to contract
What is the structure and function of smooth muscle?
Structure:
- Spindle shaped
-Single nucleus
-When contract nuclei twists
Function:
-Involuntary movement
-Contract more slowly
Explain nerve tissue.
Structure:
-Millions of nerve cells
/neurons
-Each neuron has cell
body with nucleus and
long outgrowths
-Dendrites
-Axons
Function:
- Carries messaages in form of electrical impulses
What is the difference between dendrites and axons?
Dendrites: processes
conduct impulses to cell
body
Axons: processes
conduct impulses away
from cell body
