Topic 6: Animal Tissue

Question 1

What is the location epithelial tissue?

Answer 1

Internal & External surfaces of body organs
Internal epithelium = Endothelium
Location = Specific to function in body

Question 2

What is the structure of epithelial tissue?

Answer 2

Classified according to shape, size & number of layers of the
cells
The bottom layer of cells attached to the basement membrane

Question 3

What are the 3 types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

Cuboidal
Columnar
Squamous

Question 4

Describe cuboidal epithelium.

Answer 4

Structure
-Closely Packed
-Cube Shaped

Location
-Line Kidney Tubes
-Some Glands

Function
-Absorption
-Secretion of Substances

Question 5

Describe squamous epithelium.

Answer 5

Location:
-Line blood vessels and air sacs

Structure:
-Thin and flat
-Large Surface area
-Smooth
-Packed closely together

Function
-Reduce friction between blood cells and walls of blood vessels
-Allow nutrients and gases to diffuse easily through

Question 6

What are the 2 types of columnar epithelium?

Answer 6

Columnar
Ciliated Columnar

Question 7

Explain the columnar epithelium.

Answer 7

Structure:
-Tall

Location:
-Line - stomach, intestines, parts of respiratory tract

Functions:
-protection, absorption,
secretion, movement of
particles
-Some have specialised sensory functions

Question 8

What are goblet cells?

Answer 8

Between columnar epithelial cells - secrete mucus to keep surfaces moist and smooth

Question 9

Explain ciliated columnar epithelium.

Answer 9

Structure:
-Columnar epithelial cells with fine hair-like
outgrowths (cilia)
-Cilia move quickly &
rhythmically

Function:
-Cilia move mucus
-Air Passages (move dust particles trapped in mucous)
-Uterus, Fallopian Tubes (move ovum along)

Question 10

Explain the cuboidal shape.

Answer 10

Closely packed
Protective lining
Cube shaped

Question 11

What is the difference between simple and stratified squamous?

Answer 11

Simple:
-Thin and flat
-Large surface area
-Diffuse nutrients and gasses
-Smooth
-Reduce friction

Stratified:
-Several layers
-Flattened cells
-Withstand wear and tear

Question 12

What is the difference between columnar epithelium and ciliated columnar epithlium?

Answer 12

Columnar:
-Large surface area
-Absorbs
-Goblet cells

Ciliated columnar:
-Cilia
-Move substances and structures

Question 13

What are the shared characteristics of connective tissue?

Answer 13

Cells scattered in a matrix.
Matrix can be liquid, jelly or solid
Can contain fibres
Type of connective tissue depends on:
-composition and
arrangement of cells
-type of fibres
-type of matrix

Question 14

What is the structure and function of loose connective tissue?

Answer 14

Structure:
-Fluid-like matrix containing collagen fibres, elastic fibres and cells

Function:
-Collagen gives strength and elastic fibres enable tissue to stretch
-Binds the epithelium to other tissues and holds our organs in place

Question 15

What is the structure and function of fibrous connective tissue?

Answer 15

Structure:
-Matrix is a dense network of collagen fibres.
– Few cells

Function:
-Collagen fibres give
strength to tendons and
ligaments

Question 16

What is the structure and function of cartilage?

Answer 16

Structure:
-Cartilage cells and
collagen fibres in rubbery matrix
-Matrix and collagen fibres are secreted by cartilage cells

Function:
:Flexible but provides
support to reduce friction between bones

Question 17

What is the structure and function of bone?

Answer 17

Structure:
-Contains bone cells in
spaces in a hard matrix

Bone cells:
-Secrete minerals
-Cytoplasm of bone cells
forms long processes
-Food and gases
travel through cytoplasm

Function:
-Forms skeleton
-Strength and support
-Points of attachment
for muscles to bring
about movement

Question 18

What is the structure and function of adipose tissue?

Answer 18

Structure:
-Adipose cells in matrix
-Each cell has fat droplets that swells when fat is stored and shrinks when fat is used up for fuel

Function:
-Insulation
-Energy storage
-Protection
-Shock absorber

Question 19

What is the structure and function of blood tissue?

Answer 19

Structure:
-cells in a fluid matrix
– Matrix consists of plasma
– Cells are red blood cells, white blood cells

Function:
-Transport of oxygen and nutrients as well as carbon dioxide and waste products
-Protection against infection

Question 20

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue and where is it found?

Answer 20

Skeletal - attached to bone
Cardiac - walls of heart
Smooth - internal organs

Question 21

What is the structure and function of skeletal muscle?

Answer 21

Structure:
-Bundles of long muscle
cells = muscle fibres
-Thin muscle cells arrange parallel
-In each muscle fibre there are many small fibres with light and dark bands

Function:
-Voluntary movement

Question 22

What is the structure and function of cardiac muscle?

Answer 22

Structure:
-Branched
-Ends joined by discs
Cannot control these muscles

Function:
-Contract rhythmically
-Carry messages to contract

Question 23

What is the structure and function of smooth muscle?

Answer 23

Structure:
- Spindle shaped
-Single nucleus
-When contract nuclei twists

Function:
-Involuntary movement
-Contract more slowly

Question 24

Explain nerve tissue.

Answer 24

Structure:
-Millions of nerve cells
/neurons
-Each neuron has cell
body with nucleus and
long outgrowths
-Dendrites
-Axons

Function:
- Carries messaages in form of electrical impulses

Question 25

What is the difference between dendrites and axons?

Answer 25

Dendrites: processes
conduct impulses to cell
body
Axons: processes
conduct impulses away
from cell body