Topic 5) Health and disease

Question 1

health

Answer 1

total physical, mental and social well being

Question 2

pathogen

Answer 2

a disease causing organism

Question 3

types of pathogens

Answer 3

bacterial, viral, fungal, protist, biological

Question 4

examples of bacterial diseases

Answer 4

salmonella, cholera

Question 5

examples of viral diseases

Answer 5

HIV, influenza

Question 6

examples of fungal diseases

Answer 6

athlete’s foot, cattle ringworm

Question 7

examples of protists diseases

Answer 7

malaria

Question 8

examples of biological diseases

Answer 8

ebola

Question 9

HIV

Answer 9

sexually transmitted, causes aids

Question 10

cholera

Answer 10

bacterial, transferred through drinking water

Question 11

ash dieback

Answer 11

caused by fungus in ash trees, no cure

Question 12

malaria

Answer 12

caused by protists, spread by mosquitoes, can be fatal

Question 13

disease

Answer 13

problem with the structure or fraction of the body

Question 14

communicable diseases

Answer 14

diseases caused by pathogens, can be passed from person to person

Question 15

non-communicable diseases

Answer 15

not passed from person to person, caused by genes or lifestyle

Question 16

examples of communicable diseases

Answer 16

chicken pox, tuberculosis

Question 17

examples of non-communicable diseases

Answer 17

most cancers, lung disease

Question 18

lifestyle risks

Answer 18

smoking, poor diet, consuming excessive alcohol

Question 19

ways of catching communicable diseases

Answer 19

airborne
waterborne
oral transmission
body fluids and sexual transmission
animal vectors

Question 20

diseases that are airborne

Answer 20

tuberculosis

Question 21

diseases that are waterborne

Answer 21

cholera

Question 22

diseases that are transferred orally

Answer 22

stomach ulcers

Question 23

diseases that are transferred sexually

Answer 23

chlamydia

Question 24

diseases that are transferred by body fluids

Answer 24

ebola

Question 25

what caused malnutrition?

Answer 25

poor diet without the right balance of nutrients

Question 26

deficiency disease

Answer 26

not getting enough of nutrients from food

Question 27

examples of deficiency diseases

Answer 27

anemia scurvy

Question 28

what is the function of the liver?

Answer 28

it breaks down toxic substances, including alcohol

Question 29

barriers to infections

Answer 29

tears stomach scabs skin lungs

Question 30

why are tears barriers to infections?

Answer 30

contains antibacterial chemicals

Question 31

why is the stomach a barrier to infections?

Answer 31

produces acid that kills any micro-organisms that enter our stomach

Question 32

why are scabs barriers to infections?

Answer 32

prevent pathogens from entering the wound

Question 33

why is the skin a barrier to infections?

Answer 33

prevents bacteria and viruses from reaching the important tissues that can be infected

Question 34

why are the lungs barriers to infection?

Answer 34

lined with mucus, traps bacteria and cillia, sweeps mucus back into the gullet, that is swallowed and destroyed by the stomach

Question 35

what triggers an immune response?

Answer 35

the pathogens are recognised due to the antigens on their outer surface

Question 36

type of non specific immune response

Answer 36

phagocytosis-when a white blood cell engulfs and destroys any pathogen

Question 37

types of immunity

Answer 37

natural artificial

Question 38

natural immunisation

Answer 38

antibodies are passed from mother to child or antibodies are made when microbes infect the body

Question 39

types of artificial immunisation

Answer 39

active passive

Question 40

active immunisation

Answer 40

vaccine with dead or modified microbes, causing antibodies to be produced

Question 41

passive immunity

Answer 41

serum of antibodies are injected directly into person to fight infection

Question 42

reasons for developing new medicines

Answer 42

new diseases more effective, with less side effects for patients with allergies

Question 43

what do antibodies treat?

Answer 43

only treat bacterial infections

Question 44

what is the 1st stage of clinical trials?

Answer 44

tested on healthy human volunteers

Question 45

what is the 2nd stage in clinical trials?

Answer 45

tested on human volunteers with the diseases