Topic 1) Cell structures Flashcards
eukaryotic cell
a cell with a nucleus
type of eukaryotic cells
animal
plant
nucleus
controls the cell, contains the genetic information
cell membrane
controls what enters ans leaves the cell
cytoplasm
where most chemical reactions take place
ribosomes
where proteins are made (protein synthesis)
mitochondria
where aerobic respiration takes place releasing energy for the cell
3 differences between animal and plant cells
cell wall
vacuoles
chloroplasts
prokaryotic cell
a cell without a nucleus
types of prokaryotic
bacteria cell
where are proteins made?
in the ribosomes
what is the job of a sperm cell?
the male gamete that moves through the female reproductive system to the egg cell
characteristics of sperm cell
long tail
many mitochondria
acrosome
how does the many mitochondria benefit sperm cell?
they release energy quickly for movement of the tail, through respiration
what is the job of the egg cell?
the female gamete, which is fertilised by sperm and grows into a fetus
characterisation of egg cell
cytoplasm
jelly layer
how does the jelly layer benefit the egg cell?
protects the egg, after fertilisation the layer and the cell membrane hardens, to prevent other sperm entering
what is the job of a ciliated epithelial cell?
in the oviduct - moves egg along
in the small intestine - absorb digested food substances
characteristics of ciliated epithelial cell
cilia
microvilli
how does the microvilli benefit the ciliated epithelial cell?
makes the surface area bigger of the small intestine food is absorbed quicker
how does the cilia benefit the ciliated epithelial cell?
sweeps from side to side to move the egg cell through the oviduct
what is the job of a red blood cell?
carries oxygen around the body
characteristics of red blood cells
biconcave disc
no nucleus
how does the biconcave disc benefit the red blood cell?
provides a large surface area for oxygen to pass through
how does the no nucleus benefit the red blood cell?
proves more space for haemoglobin, which oxygen binds to within the cell
what is the job of a root hair cell?
absorbs water ions for plants
characterisation of root hair cells
large surface area
large vacuole
how does the large surface area benefit a root hair cell?
so it can quickly and efficiently absorb water and mineral ions
how does the large vacuole benefit root hair cell?
keeps the water concentration so the water can be absorbed
what is the job of a palisade cell?
photosynthesis cells in the top layers of the leaf
characteristics of palisade cell
brick shaped
many chloroplasts
how does the brick shape benefit palisade cell?
so many cells can be packed in on the top layer of the leaf
how does the many chloroplasts benefit the palisade cell?
site of photosynthesis, so many are present
slime capsule
protects and allows different bacteria to stick together
genetic material
carries most of the bacterial genes
plasmids
contains additional genes
flagella
it rotates to move the bacteria cell
