Topic 3) Genetics Flashcards
types of reproduction
sexual
asexual
sexual reproduction
the joining of the male and female gametes
what are gametes?
haploid cells and are formed by meiosis
characteristics of sexual reproduction
genes from two parents
advantage of sexual reproduction
offspring show variation
disadvantage of sexual reproduction
slower, mate has to be found
asexual reproduction
a single parent organism produces offspring
characteristics of asexual reproduction
no fusion of gametes
genes from one parent
offspring show no variation
genetically identical offspring
meiosis
type of cell division, asexual reproduction
what is the purpose of meiosis?
to increase genetic variation
what does meiosis produce?
4 GENETICALLY non-identical daughter cells
where is DNA found?
in the nucleus
features of DNA
double helix
how is DNA formed?
made of 2 strands joined together by bases, twisted
what are the 4 bases in DNA?
adenine
thymine
guanine
cytosine
what is the paring of bases in DNA called?
complementary base pairing
what are the bases connected by?
hydrogen bonds
what are the pairs of bases in DNA?
A+T
C+G
what is DNA made of?
lots of small units called nucleotides, which are joined together
what type of molecule is DNA?
polymer
what is the DNA extraction method?
extracting kiwi DNA
what is ethanol used for?
to precipitate the DNA
what is a genome?
all the genetic material of an organism
2 benefits of discovering the sequence of bases for all plants and animals
-identify useful genes
-understand diseases
describe the extraction of DNA from plant cells
-crush up cells
-add detergent
-heat in a water bath
-add to ice cold ethanol
-DNA forms as a white strands
why do you need to filter the mixture?
when separating the DNA
to remove insoluble material
what are the molecules present in the DNA backbone?
sugars and phosphates
