Topic 1) Enzymes Flashcards
what is a biological catalyst?
not living but found in living organisms (a type of protein)
what do enzymes do?
they break down nutrients into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood stream
what are the three types of enzymes?
amylase, lipase and protase
what does amylase break down?
carbohydrates
what does lipase break down?
lipids
what does protease break down?
proteins
what do carbohydrates get broken down into?
sugars
what do lipids get broken down into?
fatty acids+ glyceol
what do proteins get broken down into?
stomach+small intestine
what are the factors that can effect enzymes?
pH
temperature
concentration
what is the optimum temperature of enzymes?
around 37.5 degree celsius
what happens to the protein structure of enzymes if the temp in above optimum?
the protein structure is affected. the long amino acid chains unravel , and as a result the shape site change. if this occurs we say the enzyme has been denatured
what makes up a protein molecule?
a long chain of amino acids
what makes up a starch molecule?
a long chain of glucose
what is the pH of the mouth?
pH 7
what is the pH of the stomach?
pH 2
what is the pH of the small intestine?
pH 7-8
what happens to the enzymes in a pH of 4.8?
denatures
what happens to an enzyme in a pH of 10.5?
denatures
what solution is used to find glucose?
benedicts solution
what solution is used to find starch?
iodine
what solution is used to find protein?
biuret solution
what colour does the solution turn if a small amounts of glucose is present?
green
what colour does the solution turn if no amount of glucose is present?
blue
what colour does the solution turn if a medium amount of glucose is present?
orange
what colour does the solution turn if a high amount of glucose is present?
brick red
what colour does the solution turn if any amount of starch is present?
blue/black
what colour does the solution turn if any amount of protein is found?
lilac
what is the effect of low temperature on an enzyme?
less kinetic energy, so less enzyme complexes are formed - lower enzyme activity
what is the effect of optimum temperature on an enzyme?
work fastest
what is the effect of high temperature on an enzyme?
stops working
denatures the active site - substrate cant bind
