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[OBSELETE] Edexcel - A Level Chem > Topic 5 > Flashcards

Topic 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a mole?

A

A mole is the amount of substance that contains the same number of particles as the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotope

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2
Q

What is Avogadro’s constant

A
  • Avogadro’s constant is a scaling up factor
  • 6.02 * 10^23 mol-1
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3
Q

How do you calculate the number of particles in a given mass of substance?

A
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4
Q

How to calculate the mass of a given number of particles of a substance?

A
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5
Q

What are the calculations using reacting volumes of gases?

A
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6
Q

What is the equation for calculating moles?

A

n = amount of substance in mol
m = mass in grams
M = Molar Mass

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7
Q

How do you calculate reacting masses from equations?

A
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8
Q

How do you work out equations from reacting masses?

A
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9
Q

ow to calculate moles from volume and concentration?

A
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10
Q

What is Molar Volume?

A

Molar Volume is 1 mole of gas at room temperature and pressure

  • Room Temp = 25 degrees Celsius
  • Standard Pressure = 1 atm
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11
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

Empirical formula shows the smallest whole number ratio of atoms o each element in a compound

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12
Q

How do you calculate empirical formula from masses?

A
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13
Q

How do you calculate molecular formula from percentages?

A
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14
Q

What is molecular formula?

A
  • Molecular formula is the actual numbers of atoms in each element in a compound
  • Requires relative molecular mass and empirical formula to calculate
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15
Q

How do you calculate molecular formula for solids and liquids?

A
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16
Q

How do you calculate molecular formula for gases and volatile liquids?

A
17
Q

How do you write out ionic equations?

A
18
Q

How do you calculate Mass from moles and Mr?

A
19
Q

How do you calculate mass from moles and molar mass?

A
20
Q

How do you calculate volume from gas constant and pressure?

A
21
Q

How do you calculate volume from molar volume?

A
22
Q

How do you calculate the concentration of a solution?

A
23
Q

How do you calculate percentage uncertainty?

A
24
Q

What are potential sources of error?

A

Random Error (Unpredictable changes)

  • Volume of Gas collected could vary from different times of day
  • Changed in temperature throughout the day may lead to different masses

Systematic Errors (Faults in apparatus)

  • Uncalibrated pipette during manufacturing where the meniscus line is incorrect
  • Measuring cylinder may have incorrect measurements proportional to the actual size of the cylinder
25
Q

How can you minimise the percentage error?

A
  • Use better equipment like gas syringe over water trough and measuring cylinder
  • Use more reactant to create more product which can be measured more accurately
  • Use smaller increment versions of equipment like 3d.p balance over 2.dp balance
26
Q

Why is actual yield always less than theoretical yield?

A

The mass of product is never the maximum possible because:

  • Reversible reactions may be incomplete
  • Unintended side reactions create unwanted products
  • Further purification of product leads to a loss of product
27
Q

How do you calculate theoretical yield?

A
28
Q

What is the percentage yield formula?

A
29
Q

How do you calculate percentage formula?

A
30
Q

What’s the Definition for Atom Economy?

A

Atom Economy is the measure of proportion of reactant atoms that become part of the desired product.

31
Q

How does atom economy work?

A

The RED PROCESS is inefficient because there are multiple products made.

The GREEN PROCESS is efficient because all the reactants form the only desired product.

32
Q

What the links between reaction types and atom economy?

A

Atom Economy in Different Reaction Types

  • Addition = 100% atom economy
  • Elimination + Substitution = Lower atom economies
  • Multistep = Lower Atom Economies
33
Q

5.15

A

[OBSELETE] Edexcel - A Level Chem (27 decks)

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