Functional Groups Flashcards
What are all the groups of chemicals you need to know the functional groups of?
- Alkane
- Alkene
- Haloalkane
- Alcohols
- Aldehydes
- Ketones
- Caboxylic Acids
- Esters
- Amine
- Amides
- Nitriles
- Benzene
What is the functional group and suffix or prefix for alkane?
- Lacks functional group
- Lacks suffix
- Unreactive, non-polar bond
- Involved in radical substitution
What is the functional group and suffix or prefix for alkenes?
- -ene suffix
- Carbon double bond
- Electron rich double bond, non polar
- Electrophillic addition
What is the functional group and suffix or prefix for haloalkane?
- (halogen)- prefix
- halogen added to carbon chain
- Polar C-X bonds
- Nucleophillic substitution and elimination
What is the functional group and suffix or prefix for alcohols?
- -ol sufix
- -OH
- Lone pair on oxygen can act as a nucleophile
- Polar C-OH bond
- Esterification + Nucleophilic substitution
- Dehydration + Nucleophilic substitution
What is the functional group and suffix or prefix for Aldehydes?
- -al
- Polar C=O bond
- Nucleophillic addition, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction
What is the functional group and suffix or prefix for Ketones?
- -one suffix
- Polar C=O bind
- Nucleophillic addition, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction
What is the functional group and suffix or prefix for carboxylic acids?
- -oic […acid] suffix
- Electron deficient carbon Center
- Esterification and neutralisation
What is the functional group and suffix or prefix for Esters?
- -oate suffix
- Electron deficient carbon center
- Hydrolysis
What is the functional group and suffix or prefix for amine?
- -amine suffix
- Lone pair on N is basic, can act as a nucleophile
- Nucleophilic substitution and neutralisation
What is the functional group and suffix or prefix for amides?
- -amide
What is the functional group and suffix or prefix for Nitriles?
- -nitrile
- Electron deficient carbon center
- Reduction and hydrolysis
What is the prefix or suffix of aromatic compounds and the properties and reactions?
- C6H5 -
- Delocalised electron ring which is strong
- Electrophilic substitution
What is the suffix and prefix of acyl chlorides and the properties and reactions?
-COCl
- Electron deficient carbon center
-Nucleophilic addition-elimination, condensation and friended-crafts actuation
What is the properties and functional group acid anhydride?
- RCOOCOR’
- Electron deficient carbon center
- Esterification
