Topic 4 Flashcards
What is first ionisation energy?
Ionisation energy is the amount of energy that is required to remove 1 electron from the each atom to form 1 mole of gaseous atom
What is the trend in ionisation energy down group 2?
Down Group 2 = Ionisation energy Decreases
(Deer’s Getting In Danger 🦌🚘 )
Increase shielding → Increase atomic radii → Decrease nuclear charge
What does reactivity mean?
Reactivity is the ability for an element to loose or gain electrons to undergo a chemical reaction with one or more elements or compounds
What is the trend in reactivity down group 2?
Group 2 elements form $M^{2+}$
Down Group 2 = Increase in Reactivity
(Don’t Get In Riots 👮)
Increase in shielding → Increase atomic radii → Decrease in nuclear charge
What are the trends going down group 2?
What is the reactions of Group 2 elements with Oxygen?
G2 would BURN in oxygen producing White Oxides + Bright Flame
(Great Britain Will Oppress 💂♂️⚔️)
$2M_{(s)} + O_{2 (g)}$ → $2MO_{(s)}$
What is the reactions of Group 2 elements with Water?
G2 reacts with water to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
(Not all group 2 elements are insoluble so the (aq) turns into (s) )
(God Will Make Ham ✝️🥓)
$M_{(s)} + H_2O$ → $M(OH){2(aq)} + H{2(g)}$
What are the reactions of group 2 elements with Chlorine?
G2 reacts with chlorine to form solid white chlorides
(Games Cause Seizures 🎮😵💫)
$M_{(s)} + Cl_{2(g)}$ → $MCl_{2(s)}$
What are the pH of group 2 oxides?
- Group 2 oxides would react with water to form Metal Hydroxides
- Which dissolve and dissociate into $OH^-$ making them alkaline
- Alkalinity increases because Solubility increases
- Since Hydroxides are Bases they will Neutralise Dilute Acids to produce salt
Mg** and **Ba** are **exceptions** as they are **slow** or **can’t react** with **water (insoluble)
What is the reaction of group 2 oxides and water
Group 2 oxides react with water to form metal hydroxides
This produces a colourless solution
(Gin Over Wine Make Haters 🍺🍷)
$MO_{(s)} + H_2O_{(l)}$ → $M(OH)_{2(aq)}$
What is the reaction of group 2 oxides and dilute acid?
The group 2 oxides would react with acids to form salts and water
This is an EXO-thermic reaction and turns the white solid to colourless
(Gucci Over Amani Since When? 🎒👝)
$MO{(s)} + 2HCl_{(aq)}$ → $MCl_{2(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}$
What is the reaction of group 2 hydroxides and dilute acid?
Group 2 hydroxides will neutralise dilute acid to form salt and water
(Good Hats Are Simply Woolly 🎩☁️)
$M(OH){2(aq)} + 2HCl(aq)$ → $MCl_{2(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)}$
What is the trend in solubility in group 2 hydroxides?
As you go down the group solubility of hydroxides increase as hydroxides are single charged negative ions
What are the trends in solubility in group 2 sulfates?
As you go down the group the solubility of sulfates decrease as sulfates are doubly charged negative ions
What is the trend in thermal stability down a group?
- As you go down the group
- Electron density decreases
- As there is more shielding creating a higher ionic radii
- Resulting in less polarisation of the N-O (for group 1 and 2 nitrates) or C-O (for group 1 and 2 carbonates)
- Meaning that there is less distortion on the bond
- Resulting in less energy being required to overcome the bond
What is the reactions for the thermal decompositions of group 1 nitrates?
- Only lithium has greater decomposition
- Where $2LiNO_3$ → $2LiO + NO_2 + O_2$
- The rest has lesser decomposition
- where $2NaNO_3$ → $2NaNO_2 + O_2$
What is the reactions for the thermal decompositions of group 2 nitrates?
- All group 2 nitrates have greater decomposition
- Where $2Be(NO_3)_2$ → $2BeO + 4NO_2 + O_2$
What are the reactions of the group 1 carbonates?
What are the reactions for group 2 carbonates?
What are the flame colours for group 1 and 2?
What is the hydrogen/halide displacement reactions?
What is the Disproportionation Reaction with Chlorine?
What is the reactions between halogens and halide ions?
What is the halide reactions with ammonia or water?
What is the test for carbonate and hydrogen carbonates ions?
What is the test for sulfate ions?
What is the test for ammonium ions?
