topic 4c Flashcards
adaptation of respiration
moist
thin
large surface area
all to aid diffusion
operculum
skeletal flap to protect gills
human respiratory strucutre
pharynx -> epiglottis -> larynx -> esophagous -> trachaea -> bronci -> bronchiole -> alveoli
percentage of oxygen transported
10% dissolved in plasma
20% is bound to haemoglobin
70% forms bicarbonate with water
aloveoli structure
insides are caotedd with fluid containing surfactant to prevent collapse
cappilaries cover most of the alveolar surface
alveoli function
Gases diffuse through the respiratory membrane, which consists of the alveolar wall and the capillary wall, glued together by protein fibres.
spiacles
small openings on the body for gas exchange conected to the tracheae
why are bird respritory systems diffrent
has seven to nine inflatable sir sacs that act as reservois for air
parabronchi
thin walled tubes in the birds lungs
two part of the human respritory system
conduction portion
gas exchange portion
when the diaphragm relaxs
you breath out as your lungs compress
diaphragm contracts
you breath in and your lungs expand
how do sponges respire
use ciliated cells to push the water through and diffuse the nutrience into their body
how do sea jellies respire
extremely thin outer skin that allows gases to move readily by diffusion into and out of their cell layers as seawater flows over their bodies.
gas exchange is mammals steps
1 - bulk fow in and out of the lungs (alveoli)
2 - diffusion gas exchange in the lung capillaries
3 - bulk flow the blood carries gass throughout the body
4 - diffusion gasas are exchnge through the capiliaries and the blood and body cells.
