topic 4b Flashcards
arteries
carry blood away from the heart
veins
carry blood toward the heart
What is blood
Consists of RBC, WBC and plateles. Plasma transports hormones, nutrients, cellular wastes (such as CO2) and a variety of ions.
how blood clots
The exposed collagen activates plateets, pluging the wound.
damaged cells and plateles release chemicals that convert prothrombin into enzyme thrombin.
Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen into rotein fibers called fibrin, this formes the meshwork preventing bleeding.
intercalated dics
Cardiac muscle cells are linked by them. They contain gap junctions for communication
cardiac cycle
Atrail systole
Ventricular systole
Disatole
two chambered heart
fish
A single atrium empties into a single ventricle
Consists of two main contractile chambers
Three chambered heart
Amphibians and reptiles
with two atria and one ventricle
two separate circuits of blood
four chambered heart
crocodiles, birds and mammals
Right atrium and right ventricle (oxygenated) completely isolated from its left atrium and left ventricle (oxygen poor)
capillaries
link arteries and veins and exchange materials through their veins.
Atrioventricular Valves
Allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles, but not the reverse.
Semilunar Valves
Allow blood to enter the pulmonary artery and the aorta when the ventricles contract, but prevent blood from returning as the ventricles relax.
whitch side of the heat has the larger ventricle muscles
left (oxygenatedblood side)
three common plasma protiens
albumin
globulins
fibrinogen
Five types of Leukocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
all protect against disease
The lymphatic system
returns interstitial fluid (lymph) to the blood (circulatory system)
what are the four chamber of the heart
left atrium and ventricle
right atrium and ventricle
what do valves do
prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction
aortic semilunar vavle
regulate blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta
pulmoary semilunar valve
regulate blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery
right atrioventricular valve
regulate blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle
sinoatrial node (AL)
the pacemaker of the heart which controls the electrical signals which controls the contractions of cardiac muscle
what is the hearts pacemaker
Sinoatrial (AL) node
left atrioventricular valve
controls blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle
why are red blood cells red
they have hemoglobin which are an iron containing protien.
erythropoietin
released by the kidneys this protien regulates the concentration if RBCs
the five types of leukocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lympocytes
monocytes
what are key for blood clotting
platelets
what does the blood flow through
heart into arteries into the arterioles into the capillaries into the venules into the vein, finally back into the heart
what are the organs involve in the lymphatic system
thymus, tonsils, spleen and lymph nodes
name the 4 functions of the lymphatic system
Returns excess extracellular fluid to the bloodstream
Transports fats from the small intestine to the bloodstream
Filters aged blood cells and other debris from the blood
Defends the body by exposing bacteria and viruses to white blood cells
