topic 4b

Question 1

arteries

Answer 1

carry blood away from the heart

Question 2

veins

Answer 2

carry blood toward the heart

Question 3

What is blood

Answer 3

Consists of RBC, WBC and plateles. Plasma transports hormones, nutrients, cellular wastes (such as CO2) and a variety of ions.

Question 4

how blood clots

Answer 4

The exposed collagen activates plateets, pluging the wound.
damaged cells and plateles release chemicals that convert prothrombin into enzyme thrombin.
Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen into rotein fibers called fibrin, this formes the meshwork preventing bleeding.

Question 5

intercalated dics

Answer 5

Cardiac muscle cells are linked by them. They contain gap junctions for communication

Question 6

cardiac cycle

Answer 6

Atrail systole
Ventricular systole
Disatole

Question 7

two chambered heart

Answer 7

fish
A single atrium empties into a single ventricle
Consists of two main contractile chambers

Question 8

Three chambered heart

Answer 8

Amphibians and reptiles
with two atria and one ventricle
two separate circuits of blood

Question 9

four chambered heart

Answer 9

crocodiles, birds and mammals
Right atrium and right ventricle (oxygenated) completely isolated from its left atrium and left ventricle (oxygen poor)

Question 10

capillaries

Answer 10

link arteries and veins and exchange materials through their veins.

Question 11

Atrioventricular Valves

Answer 11

Allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles, but not the reverse.

Question 12

Semilunar Valves

Answer 12

Allow blood to enter the pulmonary artery and the aorta when the ventricles contract, but prevent blood from returning as the ventricles relax.

Question 13

whitch side of the heat has the larger ventricle muscles

Answer 13

left (oxygenatedblood side)

Question 14

three common plasma protiens

Answer 14

albumin
globulins
fibrinogen

Question 15

Five types of Leukocytes

Answer 15

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
all protect against disease

Question 16

The lymphatic system

Answer 16

returns interstitial fluid (lymph) to the blood (circulatory system)

Question 17

what are the four chamber of the heart

Answer 17

left atrium and ventricle
right atrium and ventricle

Question 18

what do valves do

Answer 18

prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction

Question 19

aortic semilunar vavle

Answer 19

regulate blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta

Question 20

pulmoary semilunar valve

Answer 20

regulate blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery

Question 21

right atrioventricular valve

Answer 21

regulate blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle

Question 22

sinoatrial node (AL)

Answer 22

the pacemaker of the heart which controls the electrical signals which controls the contractions of cardiac muscle

Question 23

what is the hearts pacemaker

Answer 23

Sinoatrial (AL) node

Question 24

left atrioventricular valve

Answer 24

controls blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle

Question 25

why are red blood cells red

Answer 25

they have hemoglobin which are an iron containing protien.

Question 26

erythropoietin

Answer 26

released by the kidneys this protien regulates the concentration if RBCs

Question 27

the five types of leukocytes

Answer 27

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lympocytes
monocytes

Question 28

what are key for blood clotting

Answer 28

platelets

Question 29

what does the blood flow through

Answer 29

heart into arteries into the arterioles into the capillaries into the venules into the vein, finally back into the heart

Question 30

what are the organs involve in the lymphatic system

Answer 30

thymus, tonsils, spleen and lymph nodes

Question 31

name the 4 functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 31

Returns excess extracellular fluid to the bloodstream
Transports fats from the small intestine to the bloodstream
Filters aged blood cells and other debris from the blood
Defends the body by exposing bacteria and viruses to white blood cells