Topic 4.1

Question 1

What’s diffusion?

Answer 1

Movement of particles down a concentration gradient, from a high concentration to a low concentration due to random movements

Question 2

What’s facilitated diffusion?

Answer 2

Diffusion that takes place via carrier proteins/channel proteins in the cell membrane

Question 3

What’s passive transport?

Answer 3

A type of transport that involves no energy from the cell to take place

Question 4

What’s active transport?

Answer 4

The movement of substances against concentration gradients, using ATP as energy to do so

Question 5

What’s Osmosis?

Answer 5

The net movement of water from a high water concentration to a low water concentration via a partially permable membrane

Question 6

What’s endocytosis?

Answer 6

The movement of molecules into cells through a vesicle formation

Question 7

What’s exocytosis?

Answer 7

The movement of molecules out of a cell through a vesicle formation

Question 8

Which types of transports require energy?

Answer 8

Active Transport, Endocytosis, Exocytosis

Question 9

What’s the definition of concentration?

Answer 9

Difference between the 2 sides

Question 10

What’s distilled water?

Answer 10

100% water

Question 11

What does isotonic mean?

Answer 11

When the solute concentration is the same in and out of the cell

Question 12

What does hypotonic mean?

Answer 12

When the solute concentration is the outside is lower than the concentration on the inside

Question 13

What’s hypertonic?

Answer 13

When the solute concentration on the outside is higher than the concentration on the inside

Question 14

What’s the definition of turgid?

Answer 14

When the cell’s storage of water is at its maximum-cell membrane pushing against the cell wall

Question 15

What’s the definition of plasmolysed?

Answer 15

When so much water has left the cell by osmosis that the protoplasm is concentrated and shrunk away from the cell walls

Question 16

What’s incipient plasmolysis?

Answer 16

The cell membrane is beginning to pull away from the cell wall as so much water has been lost

Question 17

What’s water potential?

Answer 17

The measure of the potential of water to move out of a solution by osmosis

Question 18

What’s turgor pressure?

Answer 18

The pressure exerted by the cell wall on the expanding protoplasm as the water moves in- eventually meaning no water can move in

Question 19

What’s osmotic potential?

Answer 19

The measure of the potential of a solution to cause water to move into a cell because of other solutes that are dissolved in the solution

Question 20

What’s a partially permable membrane?

Answer 20

A membrane that allows soluble molecules to pass through-e.g cell membrane, channel proteins etc.

Question 21

What’s a protoplasm?

Answer 21

All the parts of the cell inside the cell wall- cytoplasm and nucleus combined

Question 22

Whats the highest water potential?

Answer 22

0

Question 23

What’s the water potential equation?

Answer 23

Water Potential=Turgor Pressure+Osmotic Potential

Y=P+π

Question 24

What’s a symport pump?

Answer 24

A pump that uses proteins to bring sucrose into a cell

Question 25

What’s an antiport pump?

Answer 25

The pump for sodium and potassium

Question 26

What’s ATP made of

Answer 26

ADP+phosphorylation

Question 27

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 27

Adenosine TriphosPhate

Question 28

What does ADP stand for?

Answer 28

Adenosine DiPhosphate

Question 29

What’s bulk transport?

Question 30

What’s phagocytosis?

Answer 30

The active process when a cell engulfs something large, enclosing it in a vesicle- e.g bacterium

Question 31

Whats Pinocytosis?

Answer 31

The active process in which cells take tiny amounts of extracellular fluid into vesicle