Topic 1.4

Question 1

What are the two enzyme theories?

Answer 1

*Lock and Key
*Induced fit

Question 2

How does the lock and key model work?

Answer 2

Substrate is site specific and will fit into specific active site enzymes to be broken into products

Question 3

How does the induced fit model work?

Answer 3

The enzyme has a non fully complementary active site which has an opposite charged active site which changes shape dependant on the substrate

Question 4

How does temperature affect an enzyme?

Answer 4

Higher temperatures would increase kinetic energy causing more collisions with a substrate, but if it the temperature keeps rising energy would break R-Group bonds within the enzyme and so denatures(unravels back into a polypeptide chain)

Question 5

How does high Alkaline or Acidic environments affect the enzyme?

Answer 5

H+(acidic) or OH-(alkaline) ions react with amino acids in the enzyme, altering the shape of the active site - denaturing the enzyme

Question 6

What is an allosteric site?

Answer 6

An alternative site for inhibitors and co-factors, either as an on/off switch- deforming or reforming the active site when in

Question 7

What does a competitive inhibitor do?

Answer 7

It bonds to the active site blocking out substrates, rendering the enzyme un useable

Question 8

What does a Non-competitive inhibitor do?

Answer 8

They bond to the allosteric site, which makes the enzyme unusable

Question 9

What is a metabolic pathway?

Answer 9

Series of linked reactions in a metabolic cell

Question 10

What is end-product inhabitation?

Answer 10

It’s a control system (in many metabolic pathways) in which an enzyme at the beginning of the pathway is inhibited by one of the end products of the reaction

Question 11

What’s an intracellular enzyme?

Answer 11

An enzyme that catalyzes reactions within the cell

Question 12

What’s an extracellular enzyme ?

Answer 12

An enzyme that catalyzes reaction outside the cell it was made

Question 13

What’s metabolism?

Answer 13

The sum of anabolic and catatonic processes in a cell

Question 14

What’s a metabolic pathway?

Answer 14

Series of linked reactions in the metabolism in a cell

Question 15

What’s an Anabolic enzyme?

Answer 15

Enzyme which builds up new molecules in a cell

Question 16

What’s a catabolic enzyme?

Answer 16

Enzyme which breaks down substances in a cell

Question 17

What’s intial rate of reaction?

Answer 17

The measure to compare the rates of enzyme controlled reactions under different conditions

Question 18

What’s a temperature coefficient?

Answer 18

The measure of the effect that temperature has on the rate of reaction

Question 19

What’s molecular activity?

Answer 19

The number of substrate molecules transformed per minute by a single enzyme molecule

Question 20

What’s a co-factor?

Answer 20

Something that binds the enzymes active site to make it correct form

Question 21

What’s a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 21

Inhibitor which is similar shape to the substrate and competes for the active site

Question 22

What’s a non-competitive inhibitor?

Answer 22

Doesn’t compete for active site- goes into the allosteric site

Question 23

What’s end product inhibition ?

Answer 23

Control system with many metabolic pathways in which an enzyme at the start of the pathway inhibits by one of the end products of the products