Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Topic 1.3 > Flashcards

Topic 1.3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What’s a nucleotide?

A

A monomer for DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate, Pentose sugar, Nitrogen base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does a nucleotide form?

A

Deoxyribose uses a condensation reaction which creates a phosphoester bond + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two nitrogen groups containing bases?

A

Purines and Pyramidines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the difference between a purine and a pyramidine?

A

Purines have 2 carbon rings whereas Pyramidines have 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the Purine bases?

A

Adenine and Guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the Pyramidine bases?

A

Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a DNA molecule composed of?

A

Pentose sugars, phosphate groups and 4 types of nitrogenous bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are DNA bases held together?

A

With Hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 bases of DNA

A

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 bases of RNA?

A

Uracil, Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is stage 1 of DNA replication?

A

Helicase enzymes separates the two DNA strands
Breaks hydrogen bonds between bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What’s stage 2 of DNA replication?

A

*Two strands of DNA are catalyzed by DNA polymerase
*Uses the ‘parent’ strands as templates
* Reads the sequence of bases in triplet and adds complimentary bases to form new strands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s Stage 3 of DNA replication?

A

*DNA polymerase reads parent strand
*Builds leading strand towards the replication fork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What’s Stage 4 of DNA replication?

A

Once the mRNA copies the whole gene it detaches and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores and moves to the ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s Stage 1 of protein synthesis?

A

mRNA is attached at the start codon, in triplet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s Stage 2 of protein synthesis?

A

tRNA molecules contain a sequence of 3 bases(anticodon) . The tRNA molecule will bond with a complementary codon on the mRNA strand

18
Q

What’s Stage 3 of protein synthesis ?

A

Ribosomes move along mRNa, tRNA moves in carrying corrosponding amino acid. Two amino acids are then joined together by peptide bond

19
Q

What’s Stage 4 of protein synthesis?

A

Another tRNA moves into the ribosome-the first tRNA molecule is released(free to collect another amino acid from the cytoplasm

20
Q

What’s Stage 5 of protein synthesis?

A

This keeps happening until a stop codon is reached on the strand

21
Q

What’s a mutation?

A

Change in amount or structure of the chromosomes

22
Q

What’s Gene/point Mutation?

A

Change in the base sequence of a gene

23
Q

What’s Non-disjunction?

A

Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis

24
Q

What’s translocation?

A

When a piece of chromosome breaks off and is transferred to another chromosome

25
Q

What are the Types of mutation?

A

Subsition:
*Silent
*Mis-sense
*Nonsense
Frameshift:
*Insertion
*Deletion

26
Q

What are the definitions of the subsition type of mutation?

A

Silent- change in base still codes for amino acids
Mis-sense- Change in base codes for 1 different amino acid
Non-Sense- Change in base codes for stop codon

27
Q

What are the definitions for the Frameshift type of mutation?

A

Insertion: Adds 1 base
Deletion: Loses 1 base

28
Q

What’s the definition of genetic code?

A

Sequence of bases along DNA

29
Q

What bonds nucleotides together?

A

Condensation reaction

30
Q

Describe the structure of a DNA section

A

A hydrogen bond connects the bases, attached to the base is the Deoxyribose(sugar), attached to that is the phosphate

31
Q

What’s the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

A

To create a complementary single strand copy of the DNA which leaves the nucleus

32
Q

What’s the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

A

To transport correct amino acids to the ribosome

33
Q

How are ribosomes formed?

A

rRNA combines with proteins in the nucleolus

34
Q

What’s the function of a ribosome during protein synthesis?

A

Translating genetic code transcribed from mRNA into an amino acids sequence

35
Q

What’s a codon?

A

A triplet of nucleotides which code for an amino acid

36
Q

What’s the name of the process that copies DNA into RNA?

A

Transcription

37
Q

How does mRNA leave the nucleus?

A

Through the nuclear pore

38
Q

What happens at the ribosome?

A

Translation- mRNA attaches onto polypeptide chain

39
Q

How does the protein (folded up polypeptide chain) move from the RER to the Golgi?

A

Transport vesicle

40
Q

How does the protein enter the Golgi?

A

Fuses with the cis face of the Golgi

41
Q

How do the proteins leave the Golgi?

A

Secretory vesicles pinched off at the end

Biology (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions