Topic 4 - pt.3 Flashcards
1
Q
additive techniques
A
- paper-based rapid prototyping (PRP): layers of paper cut & glued = 3D shape
- laminated object manufacture (LOM): layers of material cut & glued = 3D shape
- stereolithography: solidification of powder using 3D printing
2
Q
subtractive techniques
A
- cutting: laser, saws, drilling
- machining: milling machine
- turning: metal or wood lathe
- abrading: sanding, filing, grinding
3
Q
shaping techniques
A
- injection moulding
- thermoforming
- strip heater to heat and bend acrylic
- casting: sand casting, die casting
- knitting
- weaving
- compression moulding
4
Q
C&C manufacturing
A
- computer numeric control
- instructions sent for x, y, z from CAD to printer –> draws layers stacked
5
Q
craft production
A
- makes single unique product by hand
- adv: locally based so clients can talk directly to manufacture, can sell for higher price
- disadv: labour intensive, skills required, slow production, high cost
6
Q
mechanized production
A
- volume production processes involving machines controlled by humans
- adv: less labour intensive
7
Q
automated production
A
- volume production processes, machines controlled by computers
- faster way of mass-producing
- automated systems can make complex decisions beyond human capacity
- quicker decision making than humans
- people tend to find routine jobs boring & can’t maintain quality like computers
8
Q
assembly line production
A
- volume production process
- products and components moved continuously along a conveyor –> components added as product goes from one workplace to another
9
Q
mass production
A
- large amounts of standardized products
- allows high rates of production per worker
10
Q
design for manufacture (DfM)
A
- products designed to be easily and efficiently manufactured to have minimal impact on env.
1. design for material: chosen mat. can impact env.
2. design for process: using a specific manufacturing process to have minimal waste
3. design for assembly
4: design for disassembly: when it becomes obsolete it can easily & economically be taken apart
11
Q
mass customization
A
- sophisticated CIM system: manufactures products for individual customers
12
Q
robot work envelope
A
- clearance and reach
- distance determined by robot’s arm and design of its axis
- gantry robots defy traditional constraints
13
Q
load capacity
A
- weight a robot can manipulate
14
Q
single-task robots
A
- adv: reduces chance of error
- disadv: expensive, long processes as little can be done
15
Q
multi-task robots
A
- adv: manufacture sped up & more efficient
- disadv: increases chance of error
16
Q
teams of robots
A
- adv: increased efficiency, one can hold parts while other performs tasks
17
Q
machine to machine (M2M)
A
- wired and wireless communication between similar devices
- e.g. vending machine (message sent to distributor when food low)
18
Q
first generation robots
A
- simple mechanical arm w/ ability to make precise motions at high speed
- needs constant supervision by humans
19
Q
second generation robots
A
- equipped with sensors that provide info about their surroundings
- doesn’t need constant human supervision
- they can synchronize with each other
20
Q
shaping: compression moulding
A
- most important process for manufacturing thermosets
- material placed between two halves and pressed
- slightly heated to from cross-link bonds
- low waste & low set up cost
21
Q
third generation robots
A
- autonomous = can control itself
- can operate largely without supervision
- when autonomous robots don’t perform efficiently –> group of insect robots can be used by robot by itself doesn’t have AI but group as a whole has intelligence
22
Q
laser cutting
A
- focused laser beam melts/burns/vaporizes material
- industrial laser cutters cut flat-sheet material
23
Q
shaping: blow moulding
A
- air injected into material to shape it
- suited for high and low production scales
24
Q
shaping: rotational moulding:
A
- moulds filled with thermoplastics powder
- mould is rotated while particles heated
- good for rigid, tough, flexible plastic
- only hallow shapes can be produced
25
Q
shaping: vacuum forming / thermoforming
A
- material heated then mould pushed against
- vacuum pumps out all air from beneath
- may have high waste
26
Q
shaping: extrusion
A
- powder heated, forced through a die, extruded, and cut
- best way to make long products
27
Q
shaping: sand casting
A
- pattern made, parts placed on base board, sand packed around it – pattern removed & halves aligned so metal can be poured
- easy and low cost, can require lots of finishing
28
Q
shaping: high pressure die casting
A
- molten metal is forced, with pressure, into a sealed mould cavity & pins push component out of die
- suitable for low-melting point metals, high detail achievable –> good for complex shapes
- fast but expensive & only suitable for high-volume production
29
Q
wood laminating
A
- adhesive applied to each veneer, stacked, and clamped into position in a die
- suitable for one-off, batch, and mass production
- strong and lightweight components
