Topic 3 Flashcards
conceptual modeling
=> outlines the principles, processes, and basic functions of a design or system
Advantages: communicates w/ clients and users, makes it easy for non-designers to understand
Disadvantages: lacks detail, can be misinterpreted, materials may not reflect final choice of materials
advantages and disadvantages of different modeling types
GRAPHICAL
Advantages –> easy to understand and communicate, usually quick and easy to make
Disadvantages –> not tangible, can’t test / get feedback on performance
PHYSICAL
Advantages –> allows to visualise product, identify problems with product, understand how product looks in a real environment, tangible
Disadvantages –> time consuming, can’t be manipulated / changed easily
CAD
Advantages –> can eliminate high cost of testing & manufacturing, speeds up manufacturing process
Disadvantages –> cost of simulation model can be high
scale drawing + sketching vs formal drawing techniques
scale drawings = shows an object in proportion to its actual size –> used to present product accurately
sketching: spontaneous and freehand, used very early in development process (communicates ideas quickly but can’t take to manufacture)
formal: an accurate drawing for a more developed design/idea ( shows detail, accurate, can be used to construct but time consuming and requires skill)
perspective drawings + isometric drawings + orthographic drawings
perspective = finished 3D view of design in a lifelike way + 3 point view
isometric = finished design drawn from a 30° angle
orthographic = drawing a 3D object from different angles, product is ready for manufacture and can be sent
part drawings + assembly drawings + algorithm
part = a drawing of individual parts with info on how to assemble the product, has a list of parts and materials, helps to find out which part is broken
assembly = shows how components of a product fit together
- fitted = parts put together (2D or 3D)
- exploded = parts separated but correct order to fit together (3D)
algorithm = a step by step set of operations to be carried out (usually flow charts)
scale models + aesthetic models + mock-ups
scale: smaller or larger copy of an object (same proportions but different scale), allows designers to visualize the structure, includes interior and exterior lines
aesthetic: looks and feels like the final product, for ergonomic testing and evaluating visual appeal, doesn’t work like the final product (to fully functional)
mock-ups: used to test ideas and gain feedback, scale or full-size representations, includes some functionality
functional prototypes + range of fidelity + instrumented models
FP: tests the functionality of a product, tests and validates ideas, used to develop specifications, tests user-product interactions
fidelity = how real a model is
instrumented: takes measurements related to the performance of the product, quantitative feedback for analysis, records actions of the user interacting with product
surface modelling + solid modelling + data modelling + virtual prototyping
surface: photo-realistic image of a product with no interior data but some machining data
solid: clear representation of the final product with complete set of data including interior
data: determines the structure of data or structured data including statistical modeling
virtual: surface and solid modeling used to develop photo-realistic interactive models (digital mock-ups)
bottom-up modelling + top-down modelling + digital humans
bottom-up: parts created separately –> put into an assembly file
top-down: a part is created as a basis –> components are built/added around it
digital humans: tests the safety an user requirements of product, used to interact w/ a virtual prototype, enables product to be developed quicker
motion capture + haptic technology + virtual reality
motion: captures human movements/motion
- a person wears reflective markers at each joint and a sensor records the position of markers to create digital representation of the motion, reduces cost of animation
haptic: allows user to interact with the computer simulation to observe user’s performance, applies forces to the user, user becomes part of simulation while interacting, provides feedback on simulation vs human physics
VR: simulates a real situation on the screen and allows user to interact w/ it in a natural way
animation + finite element analysis
animation: links graphic screens together to simulate a motion or process
FEA: the calculation and investigation of unknown factors in products
stereolithography (SLA)
= 3D printing using a liquid bath of resin and an ultraviolet laser
- laser hardens the resin to form desired structure of object being printed –> the base plate moves down allowing more resin to flow to the top and process is repeated until printing complete
- produces extreme detail
laminated object manufacture (LOM)
takes CAD data from a 3D model and cuts out each layer from a roll of material –> the slices are glued together to form the model on a movable platform
fused deposition modeling (FDM)
- uses additive technique –> lays down materials in layers
- plastic/metal from a coil is sent to an extrusion nozzle that can turn the flow on and off
the nozzle is heated to melt the material (nozzle moves in vertical and horizontal) - DOESN’T USE LASER
selective laser sintering (SLS)
- uses laser to set plastic powder
- uses high-power laser to fuse small particles of materials (powders) into desired form of object
