TOPIC 4 - heart dysrhythmia

Question 1

P wave

Answer 1

represents atrial depolarization

Question 2

QRS complex

Answer 2

represents ventricular depolarization and atrial depolarization

Question 3

T wave

Answer 3

represents ventricular repolarization

Question 4

3-5 lead vs 12 lead

Answer 4

3-5 = continuous monitoring
12 - diagnose specific types of dysrhythmias

Question 5

measurement of P-R interval

Answer 5

0.12-.020 (3 to 5 small squares)

Question 6

measurement of QRS width

Answer 6

0.08-0.12 sec (2-3 small squares)

Question 7

measurement of Q-T interval

Answer 7

0.35-0.43 sec

Question 8

norma sinus rhythm

Answer 8

SA node conducts first

P waves appear at regular interval, P wave is constant, each P wave is followed by a QRS complex, QRS complexes are normal width, intervals between QRS are equal, heart is 60-100

Question 9

sinus tachycardia

Answer 9

HR 100-150

consistent and constant P wave
each P wave is followed by a normal width QRS complex

causes include rapid, regular pulse, palpitation

Question 10

sinus bradycardia

Answer 10

HR less than 60

consistent & constant P wave, followed by QRS complex that is normal in width

causes include sleep, vomiting, MIS drugs, hypothermia

Question 11

atrial fibrillation

Answer 11

disorganized electrical activity
can come from multiple different areas of the atrial myocardium
absent or inconsistent P wave
irregular, change in speed of the heart

causes include surgery, long standing HTN, PE, heart disease, COPD, valve disease

Question 12

normal digoxin level

Answer 12

0.5-2 ng/mL

Question 13

premature ventricular contraction

Answer 13

abnormal heart beats starting from the ventricles

takes place in conjunction to the underlying rhythm

wide QRS

caused by the hearts O2 demand

treatment: lidocaine, AICD

Question 14

ventricular tachycardia

Answer 14

3 or more PVCs occur consecutively
ventricular rate is above 100
regular to slightly irregular rhythm

causes include hypoxemia, electrolyte imbalance, drug toxicity

patient is trying to code - may or may not have pulse

Question 15

treatment for ventricular tachy

Answer 15

procainamide
lidocaine
adenosine

Question 16

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 16

quivering of ventricles - no cardiac output
medical emergency - no pulse

causes: myocardial ischemia, untreated v tach, electrolyte imbalance, dig toxicity

low LOC, no pulse BP and resp leading to brain damage if not reversed

Question 17

medications for V fib

Answer 17

amiodarone,
epinephrine,
lidocaine