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MED SURG > TOPIC 13 - Inflammation > Flashcards

TOPIC 13 - Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

inflammatory response

A

vascular response
cellular response
formation of exudate
healing

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2
Q

local response to inflammation

A

redness, heat, pain, swelling, loss of function

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3
Q

systemic response to inflammation

A

increased WBC
malaise
nausea
anorexia
increased pulse and resp rate
fever

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4
Q

what follows a fever with a systemic response to inflammation

A

patient then experiences chills and shivers

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5
Q

beneficial aspects of fever include

A

Increased killing of microorganisms
Increased phagocytosis
Increased proliferation of T cells

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6
Q

acute types of inflammation

A

Healing occurs in 2 to 3 weeks, usually leaving no residual damage

Neutrophils are predominant cell type at site of inflammation

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7
Q

subacute type of inflammation

A

Has same features as acute inflammation but persists longer

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8
Q

chronic type of inflammation

A

May last for years
Injurious agent persists or repeats injury to site
Predominant cell types involved are lymphocytes and macrophages
May result from changes in immune system (e.g., autoimmune disease)

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9
Q

acute interventions for inflammation

A

Observation
Vital signs
Fever management

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10
Q

drug therapy for inflammation

A

Aspirin
Acetaminophen
NSAIDs
Corticosteroids

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11
Q

healing includes what two major components

A

Regeneration
Repair

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12
Q

three functions to immunity

A

Defense
Homeostasis
Surveillance

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13
Q

what is immunity

A

the body’s ability to resist disease

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14
Q

types of immunity

A

innate
acquired
active and passive (natural)
active and passive (artificial)

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15
Q

innate types of immunity

A

Present at birth
First-line defense against pathogens

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16
Q

acquired immunity

A

Developed immunity
can be active or passive

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17
Q

natural active immunity

A

Natural contact with antigen through actual infection (e.g., chickenpox, measles, mumps)

18
Q

natural passive immunity

A

Transplacental and colostrum transfer from mother to child (e.g., maternal immunoglobulins passed to baby)

19
Q

artificial active immunity

A

Immunization with antigen (e.g., vaccines for chickenpox, measles, mumps)

20
Q

artificial passive immunity

A

Injection of serum with antibodies from one person (e.g., injection of hepatitis B immune globulin) to another person who does not have antibodies

21
Q

antigens definition

A

Substances the body recognizes as foreign that elicit an immune response
Most are composed of protein

22
Q

antibodies definition

A

Immune globulins produced by lymphocytes in response to antigens

23
Q

central primary lymphoid organs

A

thymus
bone marrow

24
Q

function of thymus

A

Involved in the differentiation and maturation of T lymphocytes

25
Q

function of bone marrow

A

Produces RBCs

26
Q

peripheral lymphoid organs

A

Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Spleen
Lymphoid tissues associated with gut, genitals, bronchi, and skin

27
Q

mononuclear phagocytes

A

Include monocytes in blood and macrophages found throughout body
Capture, process, and present antigens to lymphocytes to initiate an immune response
Capture antigens by phagocytosis

28
Q

lymphocytes

A

Produced in bone marrow
Eventually migrate to peripheral organs
Differentiate into B and T lymphocytes

29
Q

cytokine types

A

Interleukins
Interferons
Tumor necrosis factor
Colony-stimulating factors
Erythropoietin

30
Q

mechanism of action of interferons

A

When a virus attacks a cell, the cell begins to synthesize viral DNA and interferon.

Interferon serves as an intercellular messenger.

Interferon induces the production of antiviral proteins. Then the virus is not able to replicate in the cell.

31
Q

humoral mediated immunity

A

Bacteria
Viruses (extracellular)
Respiratory pathogens
GI pathogens

32
Q

cellular mediated immunity

A

Fungus
Viruses (intracellular)
Chronic infectious agents
Tumor cells

33
Q

IgG

A

Found in plasma and interstitial fluid. Crosses placenta to provide newborn with passive acquired immunity.

34
Q

IgA

A

Found in body secretions: saliva, tears, breast milk, colostrum. Lines mucous membranes

35
Q

IgM

A

Largest found in plasma; responsible for primary immune response; forms antibodies to ABO blood antigens

36
Q

IgD

A

Found in plasma; ;present on lymphocyte surface; assists in differentiation of B lymphocytes

37
Q

IgE

A

Found in plasma and interstitial fluids; causes symptoms of allergic reaction

38
Q

humoral immunity

A

When an individual is exposed to an antigen for a second time, response is faster (1 to 3 days) and lasts longer

39
Q

what is the main product of secondary response

A

IgG rather IgM

40
Q

Immunosenescence

A

increased incidence of tumors
greater susceptibility to infection
increased autoantibodies
decreased cell mediated immunity
thymic involution
delayed hypersensitivity reaction
decreased IL-1 and IL-2 synthesis
decreased expression of IL-2 receptors
decreased proliferation response of T and B cells
decreased primary and secondary antibody responses

MED SURG (30 decks)

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