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MED SURG > TOPIC 3 - respiratory diagnostics and ABG's > Flashcards

TOPIC 3 - respiratory diagnostics and ABG's Flashcards

1
Q

risk factors for respiratory acidosis

A

Neuromuscular disorders
CNS depression
Hypoventilation
Decreased respiratory rate

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2
Q

signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis

A

Kussmaul breathing
Chest pain
Nausea /vomiting
Abdominal pain
General muscle weakness

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3
Q

interventions for respiratory acidosis

A

Bronchodilators
Assisted ventilation
Respiratory stimulants

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4
Q

risk factors for metabolic acidosis

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis
Lactic acidosis
Resp., renal, or heart failure
Diarrhea, laxatives

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5
Q

signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis

A

Vertigo
Neuro changes
Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Hyperpnea

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6
Q

interventions for metabolic acidosis

A

Monitor vitals
Monitor respiratory status
Monitor blood gases
Correct cause
Give bicarbonate

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7
Q

risk factors for respiratory alkalosis

A

Extended periods of hyperventilation
Extreme anxiety
Fever

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8
Q

signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

A

Lightheadedness
Agitation

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9
Q

interventions for respiratory alkalosis

A

Encourage patient to take slow deep breaths
Decrease patient anxiety
Monitor ABG

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10
Q

risk factors for metabolic alkalosis

A

Vomiting
NG suctioning
Hypokalemia
Excess antacids/bicarb
Steroids

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11
Q

signs and symptoms of metabolic alkalosis

A

Lightheaded; N/V
Confusion; stupor
Muscle twitching; tremors
Numbness/tingling face or extremities
Electrolyte imbalance, dysrhythmias

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12
Q

interventions for metabolic alkalosis

A

Monitor: Vitals, neuro status, I & O, ABGs,
Warn/teach about taking too many antacids

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13
Q

normal pH range

A

7.35-7.45

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14
Q

normal paCO2 range

A

35-45

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15
Q

normal HCO3 range

A

22-26

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16
Q

acidic vs basic values

A

below 7.35 pH - acidic
above 45 paCO2 - acidic
below 22 HCO3 - acidic

above 7.45 pH - basic
below 35 paCO2 - basic
above 26 HCO3 - basic

17
Q

when pH is up and paCO2 is down

A

respiratory alkalosis

18
Q

when pH is down and paCO2 is up

A

respiratory acidosis

19
Q

when pH is up and HCO3 is up

A

metabolic alkalosis

20
Q

when pH is down and HCO3 is down

A

metabolic acidosis

21
Q

diagnostic studies for respiratory symptoms

A

-blood serum - Hgb, Hct, ABG’s
-pulse ox
-CO2 monitor (end tidal capnography)
-sputum studies for C&S - identify infecting organism, cell type, diagnosis, course for antibiotic treatment
-skin test - test for allergic reaction or TB exposure

22
Q

radiology tests for respiratory system

A

chest x ray - AP and lateral view to diagnose and evaluate change in respiratory system
CT - diagnosis of lesion (done when x ray is difficult to detect)
MRI - diagnosis of lesions (when difficult to assess CT) and for distinguishing vascular vs nonvascular structures
ventilation perfusion - ventilation without perfusion would suggest pulmonary embolus, diminished or absent radioactivity = lack of perfusion or airflow
angiogram - visualize pulmonary vasculature and locate obstruction
PET - distinguish benign and malignant pulmonary nodules

23
Q

CBC with diff

A

leukocytosis occurs in majority of patients with bacterial pneumonia
WBC is greater than 15000

24
Q

ABGs obtained to assess for

A

hypoxemia (paO2 less than 80)
hypercapnia (paCO2 greater than 45)
acidosis (ph less than 7.35

25
Q

death can occur in what kind of change in pH

A

below 6.9 or higher than 7.8

26
Q

compensatory mechanisms

A

respiratory (CO2) and renal (metabolic) maintain homeostasis

27
Q

COPD patients are more likely to display what kind of ABG imbalance

A

respiratory acidosis because of damage to alveoli, decreased oxygen, and higher circulating levels of CO2

28
Q

people with impaired renal function are likely to display what kind of ABG imbalance

A

metabolic acidosis because of retaining metabolic waste products

29
Q

retaining CO2 results in

A

respiratory acidosis

30
Q

excreting CO2 results in

A

respiratory alkalosis

31
Q

retaining HCO3 results in

A

metabolic alkalosis

32
Q

excreting HCO3 results in

A

metabolic acidosis

33
Q

causes of respiratory acidosis

A

Hypoventilation
Respiratory failure
Asthma attacks, COPD
Chest injury/trauma (broken ribs)
Pulmonary edema
Medications
Obstructive sleep apnea

34
Q

causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation
Hypoxemia from acute pulmonary disorders
Pain
Anxiety/Fear
Salicylate or Nicotine overdose
Increased metabolism (fever, high altitudes)

35
Q

causes of metabolic acidosis

A

inadequate intake of calories
diabetes type 1
cardiac arrest
sepsis (lactic acid accumulation)
trauma
seizures
renal failure
severe diarrhea, laxative use

36
Q

causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

Vomiting, gastric suction
Extracellular fluid deficit
Dehydration
Circulatory shock
Loop or thiazide diuretic use
Hypokalemia
Ingestion of baking soda (bicarbonate product)

MED SURG (30 decks)

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