Topic 4 - Bioenergetics

Question 1

How is energy transfered to plant from environment

Answer 1

By light

Question 2

How do muscles store glucose

Answer 2

As glycogen

Question 3

5 uses of gucose in plants

Answer 3

• Store as starch
• making Cellulose
• making Amino acids
• Respiration -

stored as Fats/oils

Question 4

Why do plants store glucose as starch

Answer 4

-Starch is insoluble, so better to store as starch as too much glucose means too much osmosis so cells will become turgid and burst

Question 5

Where is starch stored in plant and why

Answer 5

Roots, stem, leaves, so ready to use when no photosynthesis is happenig

Question 6

2 examples of larger molecules → smaler ones

Answer 6

Glucose in respiration

Excess protein broken down into urea, excreted in urine

Question 7

What is starch a storage molecule in

Answer 7

Plants

Question 8

What is glycogen a storage molecule in

Answer 8

Animals

Question 9

What is meant by not fuly oxidised

Answer 9

Doesn’t combine fuly with oxygen

Question 10

What does oxygen debt do to breathing rate and pulse after exercise and why

Answer 10

-Increase it while co2 and lactic acid levels high to get more oxygen in blood to muscles

Question 11

How light intensity and distance linked

Answer 11

Inversly proportional

Question 12

What is inverse square law

Answer 12

light intensity indirectly proportional to 1/distance²

Question 13

Oxygen plus lactic acid → ?

Answer 13

Harmless carbon dioxid and water

Question 14

What is oxygen debt

Answer 14

Amount of extra oxygen body nees to reat with built up lctic acid and remove it from cells

Question 15

Word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 15

Glucose + water → carbon dioxide + water

Question 16

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles

Answer 16

Glucose → lactic acid

Question 17

Balanced photosynthesis equation

Answer 17

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O + 6O₂

Question 18

Is photosynthesis exo or endo + meaning

Answer 18

Endo - energy transfered from environment

Question 19

4 limiting factors of photosynthesis

Answer 19

• Light intensity
• CO₂ concentration
• Temperature
• Aount of chlorophyll

Question 20

Limiting factor in winter

Answer 20

temp

Question 21

Limiting factor at night

Answer 21

light intensity

Question 22

Limiting factor when theres enough light and heat

Answer 22

carbon dioxide or chlorophyll

Question 23

When is chlorophyll a limiting factor

Answer 23

disease/ ion defficiency

Question 24

What are amino acids made of

Answer 24

glucose and nitrate ions

Question 25

What do nitrate ions and glucose ions make

Answer 25

Amino acids

Question 26

What is a limiting factor

Answer 26

Something that slows the rrate of photosynthesis or is preventing it happening faster

Question 27

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast

Answer 27

Glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol

Question 28

What happens to rate of photosynthesis if temperature is too hot, why and what temp

Answer 28

decreases as enzyme denatures around 45⁰C

Question 29

If lamp is 10cm away, what is light intensity

Answer 29

1/10²= 0.01 au

Question 30

How is light intensity measured

Answer 30

Au, arbitary units

Question 31

Advantage of greenhouse

Answer 31

Can control temp, carbon dioxie and lih intensity

Question 32

What is respiration

Answer 32

Process of transfering glucose to energy

Question 33

Respiration: endo or exo and meaning

Answer 33

Exo: transfers energy to environment

Question 34

3 ways organisms use energy from respiration

Answer 34

- Building larger molecules from smaler - In animals, allow muscles to contract - in mammals and birds to keep body temp steady

Question 35

What is metabolism

Answer 35

Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism

Question 36

3 examples of smaller molecules → larger ones

Answer 36

- glucose → starch, glycogen and cellulose - 1 molecule glycerol + 3 fatty acids → lipid molecule - Nitrate ions + glucose → amino acids → proteins

Question 37

What is aerobic respiration

Answer 37

Respiration with oxygen present

Question 38

What is anaerobic respiration

Answer 38

Respiration without oxygen- incomplete breakdown of glucose

Question 39

Disadvantages of anaerobic respiration + why

Answer 39

Doesnt transfer as much energy as glucos no fully oxidised, and lactic acid causes muscle fatigue

Question 40

Plant and yeast anaerobic respiration

Answer 40

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 41

Name of anaerobic respiration in yeast

Answer 41

Fermentation

Question 42

why do you respire when doing exercise

Answer 42

Muscles contract more so ore energy needed

Question 43

Why breathing rate and volume increase when exercising

Answer 43

To get more oxygen into the blood

Question 44

why heart rate increases when exercising

Answer 44

To get more oxygenated blood around body faster and remove carbon dioxide faster

Question 45

2 ways to remove actic acid

Answer 45

- Oxygen combining with it to produce harmless CO₂ and water - Blood to liver to convert it back to glucose

Question 46

1 way to control greenouse temp in winter

Answer 46

Heater

Question 47

1 way to control grennouse temp in summer

Answer 47

Ventilation

Question 48

1 way to control greenhouse light intensity at night

Answer 48

Artificial light

Question 49

1 way to control greenhouse CO₂ levels + how it works

Answer 49

parafin heater - when burns, CO₂ is a by-product

Question 50

What happens to mucles when become fatigued

Answer 50

They stop contracting as efficiently