Topic 4 - ACIDS + ALKALIS Flashcards
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal?
Metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen gas
Metal + hydrochloric acid —-> ? + ?
Metal chloride + hydrogen
Metal + sulfuric acid —-> ? + ?
Metal sulphate + hydrogen
SYMBOL EQUATION for magnesium + hydrochloric acid
Mg + 2HCl —> MgCl2 + H2
SYMBOL EQUATION for magnesium + sulfuric acid
Mg + H2SO4 —> MgSO4 + H2
SYMBOL EQUATION for zinc + hydrochloric acid
Zn + 2HCl —> ZnCl2 + H2
SYMBOL EQUATION for zinc + sulfuric acid
Zn + H2SO4 —> ZnSO4 + H2
SYMBOL EQUATION for iron + hydrochloric acid
Fe + 2HCL —-> FeCl2 + H2
SYMBOL EQUATION for iron + sulfuric acid
Fe + H2SO4 —> FeSO4 + H2
What happens when RED LITMUS reacts in acidic solution, neutral solution and alkaline solution?
Stays red
Stays red
Turns blue
What happens when BLUE LITMUS reacts in acidic solution, neutral solution and alkaline solution?
Turns red
Stays blue
Stays blue
Approx, at what pH does PHENOLPHTHALEIN change colour?
pH 8
What colour is an acid, neutral and alkali in phenolphthalein?
Colourless
Colourless
Pink
What colour is an acid, neutral and alkali in methyl orange?
Red
orange
yellow
The smaller the number in the pH scale=
STRONGER THE ACID
The larger the number in the pH scale=
STRONGER THE ALKALINE
What ions are produced when ACIDS dissolve in water to form an aqueous solution?
HYDROGEN IONS (+H)
What ions are produced when ALKALIS dissolve in water to form an aqueous solution?
HYDROXIDE IONS (OH-)
What is neutralisation?
Reaction in which acidity or alkalinity is removed
What happens when an alkali is added to an acid?
pH of mixture rises as alkali reacts forming NEUTRAL SOLUTION.
What happens when an acid is added to an alkali?
pH of mixture falls as acid reacts forming NEUTRAL SOLUTION
Equation for neutralisation reaction involving acid and a base
acid + base —> salt + waterW
What happens when ions of acids and alkali react?
H+ and OH- ions react, FORM WATER (NEUTRAL SOLUTION)
What happens when acids react (in terms of electrons)
Lose electrons to form POSITIVELY CHARGED ions (H+)
What happens when bases react (in terms of electrons)
Gain electrons to form NEGATIVELY HYDROXIDE ions (OH-)
Why are acids proton _____?
PROTON DONORS: produce protons (these H+ ions make solution acidic)
Why are bases _____?
PROTPN ACCEPTORS: produce OH- ions which accept protons, (these OH- ions make solution alkaline)
What metals will react with acids?
Only metals above HYDROGEN in the reactivity series.
Word equation for reaction between acids + carbonates
ACID + METAL CARBONATE —> SALT + CO2 + WATER
What are the products when a metal carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid?
metal chloride + carbon dioxide + water
xCO3 + 2HCl —> xCl2 + CO2 + H2O
What are the products when a metal carbonate reacts with nitric acid?
metal nitrate + carbon dioxide + water
xCO3 + H2NO3 —> x(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O
What are the products when a metal carbonate reacts with sulfuric acid?
metal sulfate + carbon dioxide + water
xCO3 + H2SO4 —> xSO4 + CO2 + H2O
word equation for acid + ammonia
acid + ammonia —> salt + water
word equation for acid + metal oxide
acid + metal oxide —> salt + water
word equation for acid + metal hydroxide
acid + metal hydroxide —-> salt + water
