Topic 4 Flashcards
What characterizes normal cervical epithelium?
A) Irregular cell shapes
B) Multiple layers of stratified squamous cells
C) Larger nuclei
D) Increased mitotic activity
Multiple layers of stratified squamous cells
What can abnormal cervical epithelium indicate?
A) Good health
B) Cervical dysplasia or cancer
C) Normal aging
D) Bacterial infection
Cervical dysplasia or cancer
What is the role of nervous tissue?
A) Provides structure
B) Transmits electrical signals
C) Protects organs
D) Secretes mucus
Transmits electrical signals
Which tissue is responsible for muscle contraction?
A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Nervous
D) Muscle
Muscle
What does connective tissue do?
A) Transmit signals
B) Provide structural support
C) Form barriers
D) Absorb nutrients
Provide structural support
Which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system?
A) Mesoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Ectoderm
D) Hypoderm
Ectoderm
What does the mesoderm develop into?
A) Skin and nerves
B) Muscles and bones
C) Digestive lining
D) Respiratory organs
Muscles and bones
What is the function of goblet cells?
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Secrete mucus
C) Protect against pathogens
D) Transmit signals
Secrete mucus
Where are tight junctions primarily located?
A) Cardiac muscle
B) Intestinal epithelium
C) Skin
D) Nervous tissue
Intestinal epithelium
What type of secretion involves the entire cell disintegrating?
A) Merocrine
B) Apocrine
C) Holocrine
D) Exocrine
Holocrine
What type of epithelium is specialized for absorption?
A) Simple squamous
B) Simple cuboidal
C) Simple columnar
D) Transitional
Simple columnar
Which epithelial tissue protects against abrasion?
A) Simple squamous
B) Stratified squamous
C) Pseudostratified columnar
D) Transitional
Stratified squamous
What is a function of epithelial membranes?
A) Provide structural support
B) Secrete fluids for lubrication
C) Transmit signals
D) Store nutrients
Secrete fluids for lubrication
What psychological aspect can stress affect in epithelial tissues?
A) Nutrient absorption
B) Immune function
C) Signal transmission
D) Muscle contraction
Immune function
What is the primary role of simple cuboidal epithelium?
A) Protection
B) Absorption and secretion
C) Diffusion
D) Stretching
Absorption and secretion
What condition can result from goblet cell dysfunction?
A) Skin cancer
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Hypertension
D) Alzheimer’s disease
Cystic fibrosis
How do gap junctions function in cardiac muscle?
A) Provide mechanical stability
B) Create impermeable seals
C) Allow direct communication between cells
D) Protect against pathogens
Allow direct communication between cells
What does transitional epithelium allow for?
A) Secretion
B) Protection
C) Stretching
D) Absorption
Stretching
Which type of secretion is most common?
A) Holocrine
B) Merocrine
C) Apocrine
D) Endocrine
Merocrine
What is the role of serous membranes?
A) Protect against pathogens
B) Secrete serous fluid to reduce friction
C) Absorb nutrients
D) Store energy
Secrete serous fluid to reduce friction
What is the impact of skin health on psychology?
A) No impact
B) Influences self-esteem and body image
C) Only affects physical health
D) Increases cognitive function
Influences self-esteem and body image
What can excessive sweating indicate?
A) Increased energy
B) Normal thermoregulation
C) Stress response
D) Good hydration
Stress response
What do endocrine glands like the thyroid secrete?
A) Enzymes
B) Hormones
C) Mucus
D) Salts
Hormones
What condition can arise from hyperthyroidism?
A) Increased energy
B) Anxiety and mood swings
C) Weight gain
D) Improved cognition
Anxiety and mood swings
What is the primary function of exocrine glands?
A) Secrete hormones into the bloodstream
B) Release products through ducts to surfaces
C) Regulate metabolism
D) Control emotions
Release products through ducts to surfaces
What role do fibroblasts play in connective tissue?
A) Store fat
B) Synthesize extracellular matrix and collagen
C) Transmit nerve impulses
D) Facilitate muscle contraction
Synthesize extracellular matrix and collagen
Which type of adipose tissue is primarily involved in energy storage?
A) Brown adipose tissue
B) White adipose tissue
C) Cartilage
D) Muscle tissue
White adipose tissue
What psychological condition is linked to excessive white adipose tissue?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Depression and anxiety
C) Autism
D) PTSD
Depression and anxiety
What is the primary function of reticular tissue?
A) Provide elastic support
B) Form a soft internal framework
C) Store energy
D) Transmit signals
Form a soft internal framework
Which connective tissue type provides tensile strength?
A) Loose connective tissue
B) Dense regular connective tissue
C) Reticular tissue
D) Adipose tissue
Dense regular connective tissue
What can damage to articular cartilage lead to?
A) Improved mobility
B) Chronic pain and psychological distress
C) Enhanced athletic performance
D) Increased muscle mass
Chronic pain and psychological distress
What type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control?
A) Cardiac
B) Smooth
C) Skeletal
D) Involuntary
Skeletal
How can psychological stress affect smooth muscle function?
A) It has no effect
B) It can exacerbate conditions like IBS
C) It increases muscle strength
D) It improves digestion
It can exacerbate conditions like IBS
What is a primary role of neurons?
A) Provide structural support
B) Transmit information via electrical impulses
C) Store fat
D) Produce mucus
transmit information via electrical impulses
How can chronic psychological stress affect lymphocyte activity?
A) It increases activity
B) It has no effect
C) It reduces activity, weakening the immune response
D) It enhances cognitive function
It reduces activity, weakening the immune response
What happens to tissues as a person ages?
A) They become more elastic
B) Collagen production and elasticity decrease
C) Muscle mass increases
D) All functions improve
Collagen production and elasticity decrease
What can excessive scarring (keloids) lead to?
A) Increased flexibility
B) Body image concerns
C) Improved self-esteem
D) Enhanced mobility
Body image concerns
What psychological effects can brain injuries, like concussions, have?
A) Improved memory
B) Cognitive impairments and emotional instability
C) Enhanced reflexes
D) Increased creativity
Cognitive impairments and emotional instability
How do cancer cells disrupt tissue organization?
A) They promote healing
B) They undergo regulated growth
C) They lead to uncontrolled division and tumor formation
D) They enhance tissue function
They lead to uncontrolled division and tumor formation
What psychological impact can a cancer diagnosis have?
A) It has no effect
B) Increased happiness
C) Anxiety, depression, and concerns about mortality
D) Improved social interactions
Anxiety, depression, and concerns about mortality
What can chronic pain from injuries lead to?
A) Increased physical activity
B) Improved mental health
C) Depression and anxiety
D) Enhanced cognitive function
Depression and anxiety
How do tissue injuries affect mental health?
A) They have no impact
B) They can lead to emotional trauma
C) They always improve mental well-being
D) They only affect physical health
They can lead to emotional trauma
