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Anaphy > 10-11 > Flashcards

10-11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is one of the four primary tissue types in the body responsible for movement and contraction?
A) Epithelial tissue
B) Muscle tissue
C) Nervous tissue
D) Connective tissue

A

Answer: B) Muscle tissue

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2
Q

Approximately what percentage of an individual’s body weight is muscle tissue?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%

A

Answer: B) 50%

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3
Q

Which characteristic of muscle allows it to respond to stimuli?
A) Contractibility
B) Excitability
C) Extensibility
D) Elasticity

A

Answer: B) Excitability

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4
Q

What type of muscle tissue is found attached to bones?
A) Cardiac muscle
B) Smooth muscle
C) Skeletal muscle
D) Epithelial muscle

A

Answer: C) Skeletal muscle

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5
Q

Which type of muscle is involuntary and found only in the heart?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Smooth muscle
D) All muscle types

A

Answer: B) Cardiac muscle

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6
Q

Smooth muscle cells are typically shaped like what?
A) Cylinders
B) Branches
C) Spindles
D) Striations

A

Answer: C) Spindles

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7
Q

Which type of muscle has striations and intercalated discs?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Smooth muscle
C) Cardiac muscle
D) All muscle types

A

Answer: C) Cardiac muscle

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8
Q

What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?
A) Pumping blood
B) Movement of the skeleton
C) Maintaining organ shape
D) Digesting food

A

Answer: B) Movement of the skeleton

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9
Q

What type of connective tissue surrounds the entire muscle?
A) Endomysium
B) Perimysium
C) Epimysium
D) Aponeurosis

A

Answer: C) Epimysium

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10
Q

Which structure in muscle fibers is responsible for calcium storage?
A) Sarcolemma
B) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) Myofibril
D) Myofilament

A

Answer: B) Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

What is the area called where a motor neuron innervates a muscle cell?
A) Neuromuscular junction
B) Sarcomere
C) Synaptic cleft
D) Axon terminal

A

Answer: A) Neuromuscular junction

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12
Q

During muscle contraction, what binds to troponin to initiate the contraction process?
A) Sodium ions
B) Acetylcholine
C) Calcium ions
D) Potassium ions

A

Answer: C) Calcium ions

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13
Q

What mechanism describes how muscle fibers contract?
A) Cross-bridge cycling
B) Isometric contraction
C) Hyperpolarization
D) Anaerobic respiration

A

Answer: A) Cross-bridge cycling

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14
Q

What happens during the power stroke of muscle contraction?
A) Calcium binds to troponin
B) Myosin heads pivot
C) ATP is produced
D) Actin moves away

A

Answer: B) Myosin heads pivot

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15
Q

Which energy source is primarily used for immediate muscle contraction?
A) Glucose
B) ATP
C) Glycogen
D) Creatine phosphate

A

Answer: B) ATP

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16
Q

Which type of muscle contraction occurs when muscle length changes to move a load?
A) Isometric contraction
B) Isotonic contraction
C) Static contraction
D) Dynamic contraction

A

Answer: B) Isotonic contraction

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17
Q

What is the term for the amount of oxygen needed to restore ATP levels after exercise?
A) Oxygen debt
B) Muscle fatigue
C) Aerobic threshold
D) Metabolic demand

A

Answer: A) Oxygen debt

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18
Q

Which type of skeletal muscle fiber has high resistance to fatigue?
A) Fast-glycolytic
B) Slow-oxidative
C) Fast-oxidative
D) All muscle fibers

A

Answer: B) Slow-oxidative

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19
Q

What occurs when multiple motor units are activated to increase muscle strength?
A) Muscle tension
B) Recruitment
C) Summation
D) Twitch

A

Answer: B) Recruitment

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20
Q

What is the primary structural unit of skeletal muscle?
A) Fiber
B) Sarcomere
C) Myofibril
D) Myofilament

A

Answer: B) Sarcomere

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21
Q

Which type of contraction does not change muscle length?
A) Isotonic
B) Isometric
C) Eccentric
D) Concentric

A

Answer: B) Isometric

22
Q

What is a single stimulus-contraction-relaxation sequence in a muscle fiber called?
A) Myogram
B) Wave summation
C) Twitch
D) Tetanus

A

Answer: C) Twitch

23
Q

What can cause muscle fatigue?
A) High levels of ATP
B) Excessive lactic acid
C) Abundant oxygen
D) Increased muscle tone

A

Answer: B) Excessive lactic acid

24
Q

Which muscle type is typically involved in endurance exercise?
A) Fast-glycolytic fibers
B) Slow-oxidative fibers
C) Fast-oxidative fibers
D) All muscle types

A

Answer: B) Slow-oxidative fibers

25
Q

Which substance is often associated with muscle hypertrophy?
A) Lactic acid
B) Creatine phosphate
C) Anabolic steroids
D) ATP

A

Answer: C) Anabolic steroids

26
Q

What is the primary function of cardiac muscle?
A) Voluntary movement
B) Pumping blood
C) Digestion
D) Body support

A

Answer: B) Pumping blood

27
Q

Which characteristic is unique to cardiac muscle?
A) Multi-nucleated
B) Short and branched cells
C) Striations only
D) Voluntary control

A

Answer: B) Short and branched cells

28
Q

Which muscle type is found in the walls of hollow organs?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Smooth muscle
D) Epithelial muscle

A

Answer: C) Smooth muscle

29
Q

What type of muscle fiber is predominantly used during high-intensity exercise?
A) Slow-oxidative
B) Fast-glycolytic
C) Fast-oxidative
D) Cardiac muscle

A

Answer: B) Fast-glycolytic

30
Q

What do intercalated discs in cardiac muscle tissue contain?
A) Myofibrils
B) Gap junctions and desmosomes
C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) Actin and myosin

A

Answer: B) Gap junctions and desmosomes

31
Q

Which process occurs when muscle fibers are stimulated at a high frequency?
A) Tetanus
B) Fatigue
C) Wave summation
D) Recruitment

A

Answer: A) Tetanus

32
Q

What initiates the contraction process in muscle fibers?
A) ATP binding
B) Calcium release
C) Sodium influx
D) Motor neuron stimulation

A

Answer: B) Calcium release

33
Q

What does the term ‘hypertrophy’ refer to?
A) Muscle wasting
B) Muscle increase in size
C) Muscle contraction
D) Muscle relaxation

A

Answer: B) Muscle increase in size

34
Q

Which type of muscle fibers have a high myoglobin content?
A) Slow-oxidative
B) Fast-glycolytic
C) Fast-oxidative
D) All muscle types

A

Answer: A) Slow-oxidative

35
Q

What structure allows for the electrical signal to spread throughout muscle fibers?
A) T-tubules
B) Sarcoplasm
C) Epimysium
D) Neuromuscular junction

A

Answer: A) T-tubules

36
Q

What happens to the muscle when the load exceeds the muscle’s tension during an isometric contraction?
A) Muscle shortens
B) Muscle relaxes
C) Muscle length remains the same
D) Muscle hypertrophies

A

Answer: C) Muscle length remains the same

37
Q

What happens to muscle fibers when they are exposed to regular resistance training?
A) Atrophy
B) Hypertrophy
C) Necrosis
D) Fibrosis

A

Answer: B) Hypertrophy

38
Q

What is the term for the period when a muscle is stimulated but has not yet begun to contract?
A) Contraction phase
B) Relaxation phase
C) Latent period
D) Recovery phase

A

Answer: C) Latent period

39
Q

Which ion is crucial for muscle contraction to occur?
A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Chloride

A

Answer: C) Calcium

40
Q

What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle fibers?
A) ATP production
B) Storage and release of calcium
C) Providing energy for contraction
D) Forming muscle fiber structure

A

Answer: B) Storage and release of calcium

41
Q

What does the term ‘muscle tone’ refer to?
A) Complete muscle relaxation
B) The state of partial contraction of muscles
C) Muscle hypertrophy
D) Muscle atrophy

A

Answer: B) The state of partial contraction of muscles

42
Q

What type of muscle fibers are best suited for sprinting?
A) Slow-oxidative fibers
B) Fast-glycolytic fibers
C) Fast-oxidative fibers
D) Cardiac muscle fibers

A

Answer: B) Fast-glycolytic fibers

43
Q

What adaptation occurs in muscles as a response to aerobic training?
A) Increased myofibril size
B) Increased mitochondrial density
C) Decreased capillary networks
D) Decreased endurance

A

Answer: B) Increased mitochondrial density

44
Q

Which structure helps to anchor the thick filaments in a sarcomere?
A) Z-line
B) M-line
C) A-band
D) I-band

A

Answer: B) M-line

45
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?
A) Norepinephrine
B) Dopamine
C) Acetylcholine
D) Serotonin

A

Answer: C) Acetylcholine

46
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by high fatigue resistance?
A) Fast-twitch fibers
B) Slow-twitch fibers
C) Intermediate fibers
D) None of the above

A

Answer: B) Slow-twitch fibers

47
Q

What occurs during the recovery phase after intense exercise?
A) Decreased oxygen consumption
B) Oxygen debt is repaid
C) Increased heart rate
D) All of the above

A

Answer: B) Oxygen debt is repaid

48
Q

Which muscle type has a higher density of mitochondria?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Smooth muscle
D) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle

A

Answer: D) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle

49
Q

What is the function of the intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?
A) Increase contraction speed
B) Provide mechanical and electrical connections
C) Store calcium ions
D) Prevent fatigue

A

Answer: B) Provide mechanical and electrical connections

50
Q

What is the main energy source for muscle contraction during short, intense activities?
A) Fatty acids
B) Glycogen
C) Creatine phosphate
D) Glucose

A

Answer: C) Creatine phosphate

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