Topic 3A Part E Flashcards
Q: What does the term “abraded” mean?
“Abraded” refers to something that has been worn away or scraped off through friction or rubbing
Q: What does the nucleus do in protein synthesis?
A: The nucleus manufactures mRNA, which carries the instructions needed by ribosomes to make proteins.
Q: How do the RER and Golgi apparatus work together to produce an extracellular enzyme?
- Ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) synthesise the enzyme (protein).
- The RER processes the protein and packages it into vesicles.
- The vesicles transport the protein to the Golgi apparatus.
- The Golgi apparatus modifies the protein (e.g., adding carbohydrates to form glycoproteins).
- The modified protein is packaged into secretory vesicles.
- The secretory vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, releasing the enzyme outside the cell (exocytosis).
Q: What is the role of the nucleolus in protein synthesis?
A: The nucleolus manufactures ribosomes, which are needed for protein synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
Q: What happens in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) during protein synthesis?
Ribosomes on the RER synthesise proteins, and the RER processes these proteins before sending them in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.
Q: What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing?
The Golgi apparatus further processes proteins received from the RER and packages them into vesicles for transport to the plasma membrane.
Q: What happens when vesicles from the Golgi apparatus reach the plasma membrane?
The vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing the finished protein product outside the cell (exocytosis).
Q: How are cells organised in multicellular organisms?
In multicellular organisms, specialised cells are organised into tissues, which are further organised into organs, and these organs work together to form organ systems that support the whole organism.
