Topic 1: MTAH - 1.10-1.20: Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Define Anticoagulants

Answer 1

A class of antithrombotic drugs that slows the normal process of blood clot formation and is used as a treatment for CVD.

Question 2

Antihypertensives

Answer 2

A class of drug that is used as a treatment for high blood pressure (hypertension).

Question 3

Antioxidants

Answer 3

Molecules that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation can lead to chain reactions that may damage cells.

Question 4

Aterosclerosis

Answer 4

A disease characterised by a buildup of plaque within arteries which narrows them and can laed to heart attacks and strokes.

Question 5

Blood clot

Answer 5

a gelatinous mass of fibrin and blood cells formed by the coagulation of blood.

Question 6

Define gelatinous

Answer 6

having the consistency of jelly

Question 7

Define BMI, and what does it stand for?

Answer 7

Body mass index refers to a method of measuring a person’s weight with respect to their height to calculate whether they are of a healthy weight or not.

Question 8

Dfine CVD, and what does it stand for?

Answer 8

A term used to describe a group of diseases related to the heart and blood vessels.

Question 9

Cholesterol

Answer 9

An essential component of plasma membranes and myelin, the substance surrounds many nerve fibres. It is necessary for the formation of certain hromones and vitamin D.

Question 10

Coagulation

Answer 10

The process of blood turning into a gel and forming a clot, often in response to a broken blood vessels to prevent blood loss.

Question 11

Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 11

A condition in which the blood supply to the heart is blocked or interrupted by a buildup of fatty substances in the coronary arteries.

Question 12

Endothelial dysfunction

Answer 12

the failure of the endothelial layer (the inner lining) of the small arteries to perform its function normally.

Question 13

Fibrin

Answer 13

An insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen under the action of thrombin which is used to seal the wound during blood clotting.

Question 14

Fibrinogen

Answer 14

a soluble protein which is the precursor of insoluble fibrin, which is used to seal the wound during blood clotting

Question 15

Define precursor

Answer 15

A precursor is a substance that comes before and is transformed into another substance during a biological process.

Question 16

Dfine HDL and what does it stand for?

Answer 16

High-densit lipoproteins are dense molecule made of proteins and lipids that is used to remove cholesterol from tissues and transport it to the liver for excretion.

Question 17

Define LDL and what does it stand for?

Answer 17

High-density lipoproteins are lower-density molecules made of proteins and lipids that are used to transport cholesterol around the body to different tissues, which can cause cholesterol buildup in blood vessels.

Question 18

Inflammatory response

Answer 18

A response triggered by the buildup of cholesterol and fatty acids which involves white blood cells arriving at the site of endothelial damage.

Question 19

Plaque

Answer 19

A substance containing fatty molecules, cholesterol, blood platelets, fibrin, calcium ions, and cellular debris. These attach to a roughened part of the lining of an artery.

Question 20

Platelet inhibitor

Answer 20

A class of antithrombotic drug which makes platelets less likely to coagulate and is used as a treatment for CVD.

Question 21

prothombin

Answer 21

the inactive form of thrombin

Question 22

statins

Answer 22

A class of drug that is used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood.

Question 23

thrombin

Answer 23

the active form of prothrombin, which converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin during the process of blood clotting.

Question 24

thromboplastin

Answer 24

a clotting factor which converts prothombin to thrombin during the blood clotting process.

Question 25

waist-to-hip ratio

Answer 25

A comparison of the size of a person’s waist to their circumference of their hips can be used to determine a person’s health risk.