Topic 3A Cell Theory & Levels of Organisation of Cells

Question 1

Who is thought to be the first person to view cells?

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Hooke used the term ‘cell’ to describe the structures he observed.

Question 2

What did Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann propose in 1837?

Answer 2

All living organisms are made of cells

This idea is known as cell theory.

Question 3

What is the cell theory?

Answer 3

A unifying concept in biology that includes three main ideas:
* All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
* Cells are the basic functional unit in living organisms
* New cells are produced from pre-existing cells

Question 4

What are the common features shared by the cells of all living organisms?

Answer 4

• Cell surface membrane
• Cytoplasm
• DNA
• Ribosomes

Question 5

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Prokaryotic cells have no internal membranes and smaller ribosomes

Eukaryotic cells have several internal membrane-bound organelles and larger ribosomes.

Question 6

What does the term ‘cell ultrastructure’ refer to?

Answer 6

The internal structures of the cell

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The idea that all living organisms are made of cells is known as _______.

Answer 7

[cell theory]

Question 8

True or False: Cell theory states that cells arise from spontaneous generation.

Answer 8

False

Cell theory states that new cells are produced from pre-existing cells.

Question 9

What are the two main categories of cells?

Answer 9

• Prokaryotic cells
• Eukaryotic cells

Question 10

What do ribosomes do in a cell?

Answer 10

They are responsible for protein synthesis

Question 11

Name the scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory.

Answer 11

• Matthias Schleiden
• Theodor Schwann

Question 12

What does cell theory state?

Answer 12

Cells are the basic functional unit of all living organisms

Question 13

What is an example of a specialised cell in the small intestine?

Answer 13

Epithelial cells specialised to absorb food efficiently

Question 14

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 14

Transport oxygen

Question 15

What is the role of xylem cells in plants?

Answer 15

Transport water around a plant

Question 16

What do specialised cells of the same type form in multicellular organisms?

Answer 16

Tissues

Question 17

What is a tissue?

Answer 17

A group of cells that work together to perform a particular function

Question 18

What type of tissue do epithelial cells form in the small intestine?

Answer 18

Epithelial tissue

Question 19

What is the function of muscle tissue?

Answer 19

Contract to move parts of the body

Question 20

What do different tissues group together to form?

Answer 20

Organs

Question 21

What is an organ?

Answer 21

A group of tissues working together to perform a particular function

Question 22

What tissues group together to form the heart?

Answer 22

Cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessel tissues, and connective tissue

Question 23

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 23

Pump blood around the body

Question 24

What groups of tissues form leaves in plants?

Answer 24

Palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, and vascular tissue

Question 25

What is the function of leaves in plants?

Answer 25

Perform photosynthesis effectively

Question 26

What do different organs work together to form?

Answer 26

Organ systems

Question 27

What organs make up the circulatory system?

Answer 27

Heart and blood vessels

Question 28

What is the job of the circulatory system?

Answer 28

Allow blood to circulate around the body

Question 29

What organs make up the digestive system?

Answer 29

Stomach, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine

Question 30

What is the job of the digestive system?

Answer 30

Digest food and absorb nutrients