Topic 3A Cell Theory & Levels of Organisation of Cells Flashcards
Who is thought to be the first person to view cells?
Robert Hooke
Hooke used the term ‘cell’ to describe the structures he observed.
What did Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann propose in 1837?
All living organisms are made of cells
This idea is known as cell theory.
What is the cell theory?
A unifying concept in biology that includes three main ideas:
* All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
* Cells are the basic functional unit in living organisms
* New cells are produced from pre-existing cells
What are the common features shared by the cells of all living organisms?
- Cell surface membrane
- Cytoplasm
- DNA
- Ribosomes
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells have no internal membranes and smaller ribosomes
Eukaryotic cells have several internal membrane-bound organelles and larger ribosomes.
What does the term ‘cell ultrastructure’ refer to?
The internal structures of the cell
Fill in the blank: The idea that all living organisms are made of cells is known as _______.
[cell theory]
True or False: Cell theory states that cells arise from spontaneous generation.
False
Cell theory states that new cells are produced from pre-existing cells.
What are the two main categories of cells?
- Prokaryotic cells
- Eukaryotic cells
What do ribosomes do in a cell?
They are responsible for protein synthesis
Name the scientists who contributed to the development of cell theory.
- Matthias Schleiden
- Theodor Schwann
What does cell theory state?
Cells are the basic functional unit of all living organisms
What is an example of a specialised cell in the small intestine?
Epithelial cells specialised to absorb food efficiently
What is the function of red blood cells?
Transport oxygen
What is the role of xylem cells in plants?
Transport water around a plant
What do specialised cells of the same type form in multicellular organisms?
Tissues
What is a tissue?
A group of cells that work together to perform a particular function
What type of tissue do epithelial cells form in the small intestine?
Epithelial tissue
What is the function of muscle tissue?
Contract to move parts of the body
What do different tissues group together to form?
Organs
What is an organ?
A group of tissues working together to perform a particular function
What tissues group together to form the heart?
Cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessel tissues, and connective tissue
What is the function of the heart?
Pump blood around the body
What groups of tissues form leaves in plants?
Palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, and vascular tissue
