Topic 3A Eukaryotic Cells 1

Question 1

What are the two broad types of cells?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Question 2

How does the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells compare to prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cells have a more complex ultrastructure than prokaryotic cells

Question 3

What does the term ‘ultrastructure’ refer to?

Answer 3

The internal structure of cells

Question 4

What is the typical diameter range of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

10-100 μm

Question 5

What is the typical diameter range of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 5

0.1-5 μm

Question 6

What are organelles?

Answer 6

Membrane-bound compartments within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

Question 7

What are the key structures shared by animal and plant cells?

Answer 7

Membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus and larger 80S ribosomes

Question 8

What are the key differences between animal and plant cells?

Answer 8

Animal cells contain centrioles and some have microvilli; plant cells have a cellulose cell wall, large permanent vacuoles, and chloroplasts

Question 9

What are microvilli?

Answer 9

Folded regions of the cell surface membrane that increase surface area for absorption

Question 10

What surrounds all cells and controls material exchange?

Answer 10

Cell surface membrane

Question 11

What is the cell surface membrane also known as?

Answer 11

Plasma membrane

Question 12

What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 12

Contains chromatin and is the site of ribosome production

Question 13

What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm?

Answer 13

Nuclear envelope

Question 14

What are nuclear pores?

Answer 14

Channels allowing mRNA, ribosomes, and enzymes to travel in and out of the nucleus

Question 15

What is chromatin?

Answer 15

Material from which chromosomes are made, consisting of DNA and proteins

Question 16

What is the role of mitochondria?

Answer 16

Site of aerobic respiration producing ATP

Question 17

What characterizes the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 17

Surrounded by a double membrane with inner folds called cristae

Question 18

What type of DNA is found in mitochondria?

Answer 18

Mitochondrial DNA

Question 19

What are ribosomes made of?

Answer 19

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins

Question 20

What distinguishes 80S and 70S ribosomes?

Answer 20

80S ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells; 70S ribosomes are found in prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

Question 21

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 21

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Question 22

What is the primary function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

Answer 22

Processes proteins made on ribosomes

Question 23

What is the primary function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

Answer 23

Production, processing, and storage of lipids, carbohydrates, and steroids

Question 24

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 24

Modifies proteins and lipids before packaging them into vesicles

Question 25

What do lysosomes contain?

Answer 25

Hydrolytic enzymes

Question 26

What is the role of lysosomes?

Answer 26

Break down waste materials and are involved in apoptosis

Question 27

What are centrioles made of?

Answer 27

Hollow fibers known as microtubules

Question 28

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 28

Organize spindle fibers during cell division

Question 29

True or False: Centrioles are found in plant and fungal cells.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the site of ribosome production within the nucleus.

Answer 30

Nucleolus