Topic 3A Eukaryotic Cells 2 Flashcards
What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells
Mitochondria produce ATP through aerobic respiration.
What is the structure of mitochondria?
Surrounded by a double membrane with inner membrane folded into cristae
The folds increase the surface area for respiration.
What is contained in the matrix of mitochondria?
Enzymes for aerobic respiration, mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomes
Mitochondrial DNA is circular and essential for replication.
Where can ribosomes be found in eukaryotic cells?
Free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes are not membrane-bound.
What are the two types of ribosomes and where are they found?
80s ribosomes in eukaryotes, 70s ribosomes in prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins.
What is the primary role of ribosomes?
Site of translation
Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.
What distinguishes rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) from smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
RER has ribosomes on its surface; SER does not
RER processes proteins, while SER is involved in lipid synthesis.
What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Process proteins made on ribosomes
RER is continuous with the nuclear envelope.
What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Production, processing, and storage of lipids, carbohydrates, and steroids
SER is involved in detoxification processes.
What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?
Consists of flattened sacs of membrane
It has a stacked appearance and is similar to SER.
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modify proteins and lipids before packaging them into vesicles
The Golgi apparatus is crucial for sorting cellular products.
What types of proteins can be processed by the Golgi apparatus?
Exported from the cell, put into lysosomes, delivered to other organelles
Example: Insulin is exported from the cell.
What are lysosomes and what is their role?
Specialized vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down waste
Lysosomes are involved in apoptosis and immune responses.
What are centrioles made of?
Hollow fibers known as microtubules
Microtubules support cell shape and aid in substance movement.
What is the role of centrioles during cell division?
Organize spindle fibers
Two centrioles form a centrosome.
