Topic 3A Part C Flashcards
What does the “S” in 80S and 70S stand for?
Answer: The “S” stands for Svedberg, a unit used to measure how quickly particles settle in a centrifuge.
What are the components of an 80S ribosome when it is broken into two subunits?
Answer: When 80S ribosomes are broken into two subunits, they form a 40S small subunit and a 60S large subunit.
Where are 70S ribosomes found?
Answer: 70S ribosomes are found in prokaryotic cells (bacteria and cyanobacteria), chloroplasts, and plant cells.
What are the components of a 70S ribosome?
Answer: A 70S ribosome consists of a small 30S subunit and a larger 50S subunit.
What do lysosomes contain?
Answer: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Answer: The function of lysosomes is to degrade waste products, such as worn-out organelles, and they are heavily involved in immune system cells and apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Which processes heavily utilise lysosomes?
Answer: Lysosomes are heavily utilised in immune system function and apoptosis (programmed cell death).
What makes up centrioles?
Answer: Centrioles are made up of microtubules, which are hollow fibres.
How many sets of tubules make up each centriole?
Answer: Each centriole consists of nine sets of tubules.
What are microtubules and what are their functions?
Answer: Microtubules are protein filaments that are used to transport materials within a cell and support the cell’s shape from the inside.
What is the role of centrioles during cell division?
.Centrioles play a crucial role in cell division in animal cells. Their primary functions include:
Organizing the Spindle Fibers: During mitosis and meiosis, centrioles help organize microtubules into spindle fibers, which are essential for separating chromosomes into daughter cells.
Forming Cilia and Flagella: Centrioles are involved in producing cilia and flagella, structures used for cell movement or moving substances across the cell surface.
Overall, they are essential for ensuring proper cell division and organization of microtubule structures.
Do plants and fungi have centrioles?
Answer: No, both plants and fungi lack centrioles.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER):
Description: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with ribosomes on its surface, giving it a “rough” appearance. It is involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins that are either secreted from the cell, incorporated into the cell’s membrane, or sent to an organelle like the lysosome. The ribosomes on the surface of RER are responsible for translating mRNA into proteins.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER):
Description: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not have ribosomes on its surface, so it has a “smooth” appearance. It is primarily involved in the synthesis of lipids, such as phospholipids and steroids, and the detoxification of drugs and poisons. The SER also plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism and storage.
What is the Golgi apparatus made of?
Answer: The Golgi apparatus is made up of flattened membrane sacs that resemble the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in appearance.
