TOpic 32: Clade Reptiles Flashcards
characteristics of non-avian reptiles
- skin protection and shedding
- eggs in leathery shells
- 3 chambered heart
- ectothermic
skin production and shedding in reptiles
non avian reptiles skin barrier is protected by thick, dry, keratinous scales creating a waterproof barrier (highly resistant to dessication)
oviparous
animals who bury their shelled eggs onland
two primary lineages of diapsids
- lepidosaurs
- archosaur
first tetrapods with adapted flight
- pterosaurs
animals with
- box-like bony or cartilagous shell made of dorsal and ventral shields that are fused to the vertebrae, calvicles, and ribs
- toothless beaks
- single intomittent organ
turtles and tortoises
reptile clade with
- teeth fused to the jaw
- overlapping scales
- hemipenis (paired penis) à
lepidosaurs
two groups under lepidosaurs
tuataras and squamates
characteristics of tuataras
- lack modified jaw structure
- no intromitted organ
- internal fertilization but they still have a hemipenis
squamates characteristics
- loosely jointed jaws and skulls
- hemipenis
groups under squamates
- lizards and snakes
what are two things snakes lack, but lizards have?
- limbs
- external ears
snakes are bascially legless lizards, what did they evolve from
burrowing lizzards
most lizards and crocodiles do not ____
chew
archosaurs
- lizards with socketed teeth and arent fused to the jawch
characteristics of crocodillians
- single intromitted organ
- maternal care
- elongated and flattened skull
extinct archosaur with membranous wings and are one of the three independant origins of true flight among vertebrates
pterosaurs
who did bird evolve from
theropods
small theropods with feathers
birds
archaepoteryx
oldest known living bird
characteristics of archaepteryx
- feathers and wings
- teeth
- bony tail
two similarities between theropods and birds
- hollow bones
- egg laying and feeding
what kind of evolution did birds undergo
rapid adaptive radiation
what kind of group are birds classified ass on a phylogenetic tree
monophyletic
characteristics of birds
- wings with keratin feathers
- hollow bones for reduced weight
- lack teeth in beaks
- crop and gizzard digestive system for flight
- organ reduction
- endothermy
- high metabolic rate
what kind of heart chamber and respiratory system do birds have?
4 chambered heart, complex respiratory system system
how do birds maintain body tempurature
- use metabollic energy
- feathers and fat
birds are the only _____ endothermic animals
extant
plumage
arrangement of feathers
what fo most birds lack with organs, and how do they reproduce
lack an intromitted organ, reproduce with internal fertilization by connecting their cloacas together
what shell distinguishes bird eggs from leathery reptile eggs
calcareous
cloaca
shared opening for the digestive uriniary and reproductive tracts of birds, amphibians and reptiles
birds that have the ability to feed themselves when born
precocial
birds that heavily rely on the mother and need intensive parental care when born
altricial
