TOpic 32: Clade Reptiles

Question 1

characteristics of non-avian reptiles

Answer 1

• skin protection and shedding
• eggs in leathery shells
• 3 chambered heart
• ectothermic

Question 2

skin production and shedding in reptiles

Answer 2

non avian reptiles skin barrier is protected by thick, dry, keratinous scales creating a waterproof barrier (highly resistant to dessication)

Question 3

oviparous

Answer 3

animals who bury their shelled eggs onland

Question 4

two primary lineages of diapsids

Answer 4

• lepidosaurs
• archosaur

Question 5

first tetrapods with adapted flight

Answer 5

• pterosaurs

Question 6

animals with
- box-like bony or cartilagous shell made of dorsal and ventral shields that are fused to the vertebrae, calvicles, and ribs
- toothless beaks
- single intomittent organ

Answer 6

turtles and tortoises

Question 7

reptile clade with
- teeth fused to the jaw
- overlapping scales
- hemipenis (paired penis) à

Answer 7

lepidosaurs

Question 8

two groups under lepidosaurs

Answer 8

tuataras and squamates

Question 9

characteristics of tuataras

Answer 9

• lack modified jaw structure
• no intromitted organ
• internal fertilization but they still have a hemipenis

Question 10

squamates characteristics

Answer 10

• loosely jointed jaws and skulls
• hemipenis

Question 11

groups under squamates

Answer 11

• lizards and snakes

Question 12

what are two things snakes lack, but lizards have?

Answer 12

• limbs
• external ears

Question 13

snakes are bascially legless lizards, what did they evolve from

Answer 13

burrowing lizzards

Question 14

most lizards and crocodiles do not ____

Answer 14

chew

Question 15

archosaurs

Answer 15

• lizards with socketed teeth and arent fused to the jawch

Question 16

characteristics of crocodillians

Answer 16

• single intromitted organ
• maternal care
• elongated and flattened skull

Question 17

extinct archosaur with membranous wings and are one of the three independant origins of true flight among vertebrates

Answer 17

pterosaurs

Question 18

who did bird evolve from

Answer 18

theropods

Question 19

small theropods with feathers

Answer 19

birds

Question 20

archaepoteryx

Answer 20

oldest known living bird

Question 21

characteristics of archaepteryx

Answer 21

• feathers and wings
• teeth
• bony tail

Question 22

two similarities between theropods and birds

Answer 22

• hollow bones
• egg laying and feeding

Question 23

what kind of evolution did birds undergo

Answer 23

rapid adaptive radiation

Question 24

what kind of group are birds classified ass on a phylogenetic tree

Answer 24

monophyletic

Question 25

characteristics of birds

Answer 25

• wings with keratin feathers
• hollow bones for reduced weight
• lack teeth in beaks
• crop and gizzard digestive system for flight
• organ reduction
• endothermy
• high metabolic rate

Question 26

what kind of heart chamber and respiratory system do birds have?

Answer 26

4 chambered heart, complex respiratory system system

Question 27

how do birds maintain body tempurature

Answer 27

• use metabollic energy
• feathers and fat

Question 28

birds are the only _____ endothermic animals

Answer 28

extant

Question 29

plumage

Answer 29

arrangement of feathers

Question 30

what fo most birds lack with organs, and how do they reproduce

Answer 30

lack an intromitted organ, reproduce with internal fertilization by connecting their cloacas together

Question 31

what shell distinguishes bird eggs from leathery reptile eggs

Answer 31

calcareous

Question 32

cloaca

Answer 32

shared opening for the digestive uriniary and reproductive tracts of birds, amphibians and reptiles

Question 33

birds that have the ability to feed themselves when born

Answer 33

precocial

Question 34

birds that heavily rely on the mother and need intensive parental care when born

Answer 34

altricial