Topic 17: Seed Plants

Question 1

The term for a flowering plant with two key reproductive adaptations

Answer 1

Angiosperms

Question 2

What are the two reproduction adaptations in angiosperms

Answer 2

Flowers and fruits

Question 3

What is the phylum for angiosperms

Answer 3

Anthophyta (antho=flower)

Question 4

What are the “three F’s angiosperms are characterized by/feature shared derived traits in angiosperms?”

Answer 4

Flowers, double fertiliztion (seed in endosperm) and fruits

Question 5

What is a flower

Answer 5

A specialized shoot with up to four types of modified leaves

Question 6

List The four types of modified leaves in a flower

Answer 6

Sepals (enclose the flower), petals (brightly coloured for pollinators), stamens (produce pollen) and carpels ( produce ovules)

Question 7

Modified leaf in the flower that produces pollen

Answer 7

Stamen

Question 8

Modified leaves in the structure that produce ovules

Answer 8

Carpels

Question 9

Stamens and carpels are ____ organs (highly modified sporophylls)
While sepals andd petals are _____ structures

Answer 9

Reproductive
Sterile

Question 10

A term to address a cluster of flowers

Answer 10

Inflorescences

Question 11

The stamen (microsporophyll) has a stalk (_____) topper by an ____ containing pollen sacs (______) that produce pollen

Answer 11

Filament,
Anther,
Microsporangia

Question 12

How many pollen sacs per anther

Answer 12

2-4

Question 13

Structure in a flower where pollen is received

Answer 13

The stigma

Question 14

What is the name of a structure when one or more carpels in a flower fuse

Answer 14

Pistil

Question 15

Are the majority of angiosperm flowers complete or incomplete?

Answer 15

Complete

Question 16

What does it ean when angiosperm flowers are complete

Answer 16

• they contain all floral organs
• have male and female parts

Question 17

Hoe many male gametophytes are in a pollen grain

Answer 17

Two

Question 18

What are the two male gametophyte in the pollen grain enclosed by

Answer 18

Enclosed by a tough sporopollenin rich outer wall

Question 19

Where does pollen develop from

Answer 19

Microspores (within the microsporangia/pollen sac of anthers)

Question 20

Each microspore undergo ____ to cproduce to-celled male gametophyte

Answer 20

Mitosis

Question 21

What does a generative cell develop

Answer 21

Sperm nuclei

Question 22

What does a tube cell form?

Answer 22

Pollen tube sac that i ecessary for fertilization

Question 23

Each ovule consists of ___ integuments surrounded by the _____

Answer 23

Two, megasporium

Question 24

How many megaspores are produced by meiosis and how many usually survive

Answer 24

4 megaspores, usually one survives

Question 25

The megaspore undergoes mitotic divisions, producing ___-____ gametophyte

Answer 25

7-celled

Question 26

Polar nuclei

Answer 26

Large cell within the female gametophyte that contain two nuclei

Question 27

Summary of pollination in angiosperm

Answer 27

Pollen gets transfered from the anther to the stigma

Question 28

3 things that happen after pollination

Answer 28

- tube cell makes a pollen tube - generative cell undergoes mitosis, making two sperm nuclei - pollen tube grows down into the ovary releasing the sperm nuclei

Question 29

What is double fetilization

Answer 29

When the pollen tube discharges two sperm nuclei into the embryo sac (female gametophyte) within an ovule

Question 30

What is the fate of the two sperm in double fertilization

Answer 30

- formation of a zygote (one sperm fuses with egg) - the other combines with 2 polar nuclei that make a triploid engosperm nuclues

Question 31

What is the endosperm

Answer 31

The food storage supply in angiosperms/in a seed

Question 32

Do all seeds have endosperm

Answer 32

No

Question 33

How does seed typically begin after double fermentation

Answer 33

Triploid endosperm nucleus undergoes mitosis multiple times to create starchy food tissues for the embryo (the food supply)

Question 34

What happens after double fermentation

Answer 34

Fetilized ovule develops into a seed then the ovary devolops into a fruit that encloses the seed

Question 35

Fruit formation occurs as the sporotphyte ovary wall ___ and ___

Answer 35

Thickens and matures

Question 36

The two primary functions of fruit (besides eating a yummy snack)

Answer 36

- protect seeds - assisting in seed dispersal (animal poop, wind, water)

Question 37

Two categries of fruit based on characteristics

Answer 37

- dry fruits - fleshy fruits

Question 38

Fruit type that result from drying out of the ovary at maturity (example dandelions)

Answer 38

Dry fruits

Question 39

Fruit tye that are categorized by an ovary that becomes thick, soft, and often sweet at maturity

Answer 39

Fleshy fruit

Question 40

4 development rigins of fruits

Answer 40

- simple fruits - aggreate fruits - multiple fruits - accessory fruits

Question 41

Fruits development type that develop from a single carpel or several fused carpels

Answer 41

Simple fruit

Question 42

Fruit development type that originae from a single flower with multiple seperate carpels

Answer 42

Aggregate fruits

Question 43

Fruits that arise from a cluster of flowers termed an inflorescence

Answer 43

Multiple fruits

Question 44

Fruits that contain other floral parts in addition to ovaries

Answer 44

Accessory fruits

Question 45

Continue at adaptive advantages of angiosperm fertilization

Answer 45

Ok!