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BIOL 108 > Topic 17: Seed Plants > Flashcards

Topic 17: Seed Plants Flashcards

1
Q

The term for a flowering plant with two key reproductive adaptations

A

Angiosperms

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2
Q

What are the two reproduction adaptations in angiosperms

A

Flowers and fruits

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3
Q

What is the phylum for angiosperms

A

Anthophyta (antho=flower)

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4
Q

What are the “three F’s angiosperms are characterized by/feature shared derived traits in angiosperms?”

A

Flowers, double fertiliztion (seed in endosperm) and fruits

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5
Q

What is a flower

A

A specialized shoot with up to four types of modified leaves

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6
Q

List The four types of modified leaves in a flower

A

Sepals (enclose the flower), petals (brightly coloured for pollinators), stamens (produce pollen) and carpels ( produce ovules)

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7
Q

Modified leaf in the flower that produces pollen

A

Stamen

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8
Q

Modified leaves in the structure that produce ovules

A

Carpels

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9
Q

Stamens and carpels are ____ organs (highly modified sporophylls)
While sepals andd petals are _____ structures

A

Reproductive
Sterile

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10
Q

A term to address a cluster of flowers

A

Inflorescences

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11
Q

The stamen (microsporophyll) has a stalk (_____) topper by an ____ containing pollen sacs (______) that produce pollen

A

Filament,
Anther,
Microsporangia

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12
Q

How many pollen sacs per anther

A

2-4

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13
Q

Structure in a flower where pollen is received

A

The stigma

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14
Q

What is the name of a structure when one or more carpels in a flower fuse

A

Pistil

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15
Q

Are the majority of angiosperm flowers complete or incomplete?

A

Complete

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16
Q

What does it ean when angiosperm flowers are complete

A
  • they contain all floral organs
  • have male and female parts
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17
Q

Hoe many male gametophytes are in a pollen grain

A

Two

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18
Q

What are the two male gametophyte in the pollen grain enclosed by

A

Enclosed by a tough sporopollenin rich outer wall

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19
Q

Where does pollen develop from

A

Microspores (within the microsporangia/pollen sac of anthers)

20
Q

Each microspore undergo ____ to cproduce to-celled male gametophyte

A

Mitosis

21
Q

What does a generative cell develop

A

Sperm nuclei

22
Q

What does a tube cell form?

A

Pollen tube sac that i ecessary for fertilization

23
Q

Each ovule consists of ___ integuments surrounded by the _____

A

Two, megasporium

24
Q

How many megaspores are produced by meiosis and how many usually survive

A

4 megaspores, usually one survives

25
Q

The megaspore undergoes mitotic divisions, producing ___-____ gametophyte

A

7-celled

26
Q

Polar nuclei

A

Large cell within the female gametophyte that contain two nuclei

27
Q

Summary of pollination in angiosperm

A

Pollen gets transfered from the anther to the stigma

28
Q

3 things that happen after pollination

A
  • tube cell makes a pollen tube
  • generative cell undergoes mitosis, making two sperm nuclei
  • pollen tube grows down into the ovary releasing the sperm nuclei
29
Q

What is double fetilization

A

When the pollen tube discharges two sperm nuclei into the embryo sac (female gametophyte) within an ovule

30
Q

What is the fate of the two sperm in double fertilization

A
  • formation of a zygote (one sperm fuses with egg)
  • the other combines with 2 polar nuclei that make a triploid engosperm nuclues
31
Q

What is the endosperm

A

The food storage supply in angiosperms/in a seed

32
Q

Do all seeds have endosperm

A

No

33
Q

How does seed typically begin after double fermentation

A

Triploid endosperm nucleus undergoes mitosis multiple times to create starchy food tissues for the embryo (the food supply)

34
Q

What happens after double fermentation

A

Fetilized ovule develops into a seed then the ovary devolops into a fruit that encloses the seed

35
Q

Fruit formation occurs as the sporotphyte ovary wall ___ and ___

A

Thickens and matures

36
Q

The two primary functions of fruit (besides eating a yummy snack)

A
  • protect seeds
  • assisting in seed dispersal (animal poop, wind, water)
37
Q

Two categries of fruit based on characteristics

A
  • dry fruits
  • fleshy fruits
38
Q

Fruit type that result from drying out of the ovary at maturity (example dandelions)

A

Dry fruits

39
Q

Fruit tye that are categorized by an ovary that becomes thick, soft, and often sweet at maturity

A

Fleshy fruit

40
Q

4 development rigins of fruits

A
  • simple fruits
  • aggreate fruits
  • multiple fruits
  • accessory fruits
41
Q

Fruits development type that develop from a single carpel or several fused carpels

A

Simple fruit

42
Q

Fruit development type that originae from a single flower with multiple seperate carpels

A

Aggregate fruits

43
Q

Fruits that arise from a cluster of flowers termed an inflorescence

A

Multiple fruits

44
Q

Fruits that contain other floral parts in addition to ovaries

A

Accessory fruits

45
Q

Continue at adaptive advantages of angiosperm fertilization

A

Ok!

BIOL 108 (27 decks)

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