Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 108 > Topic 19: introduction to animals > Flashcards

Topic 19: introduction to animals Flashcards

1
Q

what specific traits define an animal?

A

animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that originated from embryotic layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 5 characteristics of animals?

A

1) cell structure and specialization
2) nutritional mode
3) reproduction
4) development
5) motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

since animals lack cell walls, what do they have instead?

A

the extracellular matric=x (made with structural proteins and collagen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what makes tissues unique in animals?

A

they have a group of cells with specific functions and the same structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does somatic mean?

A

non-reproductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens to somatic cells in an animal

A

they develop into specialized types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are two specialized cells in multicellular animals/organisms

A

neurons (nerve cells) and muckle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the nutritional mode of animals?

A

chemoheterotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do animals get organic molecules in their body when they cannot make organic molecules for themselves?

A

animals need to consume other organisms to obtain these organic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do animals digest

A

digest through phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

do gamete size in animals vary, if so elaborate

A

yes, egg cells are large and non-motile while sperm is microscopic and motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the common asexual reproduction methods by invertebrate animals?

A

fission or fragmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the least common asexual reproduction methods by invertebrates ?

A

budding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

parthenogenesis

A

development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

benefits of asexual reproduction

A

1) rapid population growth
2) backup plan in unfavourable conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the shape of the zygote that forms in animals

A

spherical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stages of embryotic development in animals

A

1) diploid zygote undergoes many round of mitotic cell division called cleavage

2)cleavage becomes an eight-celled emryo

3)continued cell division creates a bastula

4) cell undergoes gastrulation with different layers, forming the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bastula

A

a hollow ball of cells surrounded by a central cavity called the blastocoel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gastrulation

A

stage in embryotic development when the bastula fold inwards and fills the blastocell, forming a pouch that includes the endoderm and the ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

archeteron

A

pouch formed by gastrulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are hox genes

A

a critical set of genes that determine the body plan and segment identity, coordinate varoius structures during embryotic development

22
Q

hox genes are highly conserved, what does this mean?

A

this means that hox gene arrangement and order is conserved and remains similar across all the aniaml phyla

23
Q

two primary modes of development

A

direct and indirect development

24
Q

what is direct development

A

the animal after birth is a smaller version of the adult form that is not sexually mature
(example: human babies)

25
Q

what is inderct development

A

grwoth occurs in stages with morphological and behavioural differences
(example: caterpillars/larvae undergoing metmorphesis to become a butterfly)

26
Q

what does sessile mean

A

immoble

27
Q

what does radial symmetry suggest

A

that the animal is immoble/sessile

28
Q

what does bilateral symmetry suggest

A

movement, lovomotion , posses a central nervous system

29
Q

cephalization

A

development of the head region containing sensory organs

30
Q

what is bilateral symmetry associated with?

A

cephalization

31
Q
A
32
Q

what are animals characterizaed by?

A

body plan, which includes morphological and development traits

33
Q

tissues

A

specialized group of cells that have common structures and or functions that are isolated from other tissues

34
Q

diploblastic

A

animals with two embryotic cell layers (ectoderm and endoderm)
(in radial symmetrical animals)

35
Q

tripoblastic

A

inclusion of a mesoderm that gives rise to organs and muscles (in bilateral anaimals)

36
Q

what do most tripoblastic animals have

A

a fluid filled cavity

37
Q

what is a structure that large animals develop

A

coloem

38
Q

what do many tripoblastical animal cells have

A

hemocel

39
Q

what are some various functions of the coloem

A

suspend internal organs, allow internal organs to shift without deforming out of the body (ex heart beating)
cushion organs, a hydrostatic skeleton in soft bodied animals

40
Q

coloem

A

the fluid-filled body cavity of an animal that contains the internal organs

41
Q

where does the hemocel form and what is the name of the liquid contained in it?

A

the hemocel is formed between the mesoderm and the endoderm. the hemocel contains hemolymph

42
Q

true or false: coloems and hemocels have the same embryotic origin

A

false

43
Q

hemocoel

A

the primary body cavity of most invertebrates, containing circulatory fluid. has an open circulatory system

44
Q

function of the hemocoel

A

circulatory system

45
Q

what do tripoblastics animals (flat animals specifically) lack? and what does the lack of the structure imply?

A

they lack a hemocoel which implies that they dont require an internal circulatory system and diffusion across the body surface

46
Q

two categorizations of embryotic development in bilateral (tripoblastic) animals

A

protosome and deuterosome development

47
Q

what is the difference in cleavage for protosome and deuterosome development

A

protostome: spiral and determinate cleavage
deut: radial and indeterminate

48
Q

what does it mean for radial veleopmetn in a deterosome

A

cells form and stack difrectly on top of eachother

49
Q

what does it mean to be indeterminate

A

early cells retain the capacity to develop into a complete embryo and creates identical twins

49
Q

difference in coloem formation in protostome and deutorostome development

A

pro: splitting og solid masses of the mesoderm
deut: mesoderm folds and makes mini pockets from the walls of the archeteron

49
Q

difference in bastipore fate in pro and deut

A

pro: becomes the mouth
deut: becomes the anus

50
Q

name the three clades of bilateral animals

A

hemichordates, echinoderms, and chordates (they all have deuterostomia)

BIOL 108 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions