topic 3: formal sources of presidential power

Question 1

where is the executive power vested in the united states

Answer 1

the president

in article 2 section 1

Question 2

what are the enumerated powers of the president?

Answer 2

• commander in chief of the army outranking all other army officers
• the power to grant pardon
• make treaties
• nominate judges, ambassadors, and ministers
• make recess appointments of senor ministers without senate when its in recess
• a president can propose legislation at the state of the union
• propose budget
• head of state- talk to foreign powers
• the power to veto the law

Question 3

how many people did clinton pardon on this last day

Answer 3

140

including tax evader Mark Rich who’s wife made a considerable donation to clintons election campaign

Question 4

what significant pardon did presdient ford make

Answer 4

pardoned nixon over the watergate scandal due to its ‘divise nature’ to the US people

Question 5

example of senate ratifying a treaty

Answer 5

START in 2010 with peldged that russia and America would half their number of strategic nuclear missiles

rafitied 76-21

Question 6

what are implied powers?

Answer 6

due to the vagueness of the constitution these powers have been developed and arguably implied form interpretations of the constution

Question 7

what are the threee implied powers?

Answer 7

• executive orders
• executive agreements
• executive privilege

Question 8

what are exective orders

Answer 8

Executive orders: a directive issued to the federal bureaucracy regarding how the president would like a piece of legislation or policy to be interpreted and enforce. Trump signed 58 executive orders

way to make law without congress

Question 9

what are exective agreemetns

Answer 9

Executive agreements: very similar to treaties, except they do not requite senate approval. Obmama brokered the Iran nuclear deal and Paris climate change agreement in this manner

Question 10

what is executive privilleged

Answer 10

Executive privilege: the right of the president to maintain confidential communications under certain circumstances within the executive branch. The right comes into effect when revealing information would impair governmental function

essentially they can hide info

Question 11

as of febuary 2022 how many exectuve orders has biden signed

Answer 11

80

Question 12

what are the presidents formal powers as head of govenment

Answer 12

• signing and veoting and executing legislation
• appointing to cabinet and supreme court
• state of the union adress

Question 13

example of obamas failed veto

Answer 13

allowed 9/11 victims to sue to saudi government but the veto was overridden and the law was passed

Question 14

example of failed appointments

Answer 14

• garland

- myers

Question 15

example of failure to use state of the union address

Answer 15

trump urged the recall of obama care and a 1.5 trillion infrastructure bill which were both killed

Question 16

what issues can recieinv abmasadors cause

Answer 16

diplomatic tension

ex obama met with the dali lama, a key person for tibetan independence, causing issues with chineese government

Question 17

what is the power of executive memoranda?

Answer 17

Similar to EO however the difference is that there is no formal process for how an executive memorandum is issues. Also it isn’t recorded and doesn’t have a number .
Often delegate tasks that congress has given eh president to members of his executive

Question 18

power of presidental proclaimaition

Answer 18

have the FORCE OF LAW. Unlike EO they usual give directions to people outside of the executive.

proclamation made by Lincoln freeing salves or mrs recently bush proclaiming ‘national emergency for certain terrorist attacks in 2001

more commonly used to fly a flag half mast for someone who has died or to commemorate a religious holiday

Bush made 941

Question 19

executive power of signing statements

Answer 19

when singnign a bill a presidnet can make a negative or positive comment

the ABA have said such statements ‘undermine the rule of law’

Question 20

example of singing statement being contoversial

Answer 20

When obama signed the national defuse authorisation act in 2011 his signing statement highlighted that the concerns hat he had over the detention, interrogation and prosecution of suspected terroists and regarding the restictions it places on the presidency, which conflicted with separation of powers

Question 21

Bush and foreign policy

Answer 21

1990s bush amassed a military of 1/2 million to Saudi Arabia before seeking congressional approval before the golf war which effectively forced their hand

Question 22

Clinton and foreign policy

Answer 22

1999 Clinton authorised bombing of koskovo despite congress objecting under the war powers act

Question 23

George w bush and foreign policy

Answer 23

2002 timed intervention in Iraq during an election of which the main debate was that the democrats were weak on foreign policy thus forcing hand of congress to vote in favour of it

Question 24

Senate limiting FP example

Answer 24

1999 senate refused to ratify the comprehensive test ban treaty which was a defeat for Clinton

Congress passed an appropriations bill in 1973 which defunded the Vietnam war calling Nixon to call the war off

Question 25

power of making reeces appointments

Answer 25

one of the presidents enumerated is powers is being able to appoint people to temoparay. vacanies whist the senate is in reeces
then when the senate come back they can ratify it or osmeone else is nomiated

aims to prevent the presdients power to circumvent the stenate and make appointments that don’t need approval

Question 26

how many reeces appointments did clinton make

Answer 26

139

Question 27

how many presidential proclaimations did bush make

Answer 27

941