Topic 3 Flashcards
What are communication diseases?
spread easily (infections) caused by pathogens
Four types of pathogens
bacteria- toxins that damage cells
virus- replicates in cells, cells burst and make you ill
protists- eukaryote that spread by vector
fungi- grow and penetrate human skin
ways pathogens can spread
water
air
direct contact
Explain 3 viral diseases
Measles:
- through sneeze
- red skin rash, fever
- can lead to pneumonia
- vaccination at young age
HIV:
- sexual contact, exchanging body fluids
- controlled by antitretroviral drugs
- can turn into AIDS
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV):
- affects plants
- leaf becomes discoloured means can’t photosynthesis and grow
Explain fungal disease
Rose black spot:
- purple/black spots on leaf of rose plants
- leaf discolours means no photosynthesis
- spreads by water or wind
- stripping plant of infected leaves helps
Explain Protist disease
Malaria:
- mosquito is vector
- repeated episode of fever
- stop breeding mosquitoes
Explain bacterial disease
Salmonella:
- food poisoning
- suffer from vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, cramps
- toxins cause this
Gonorrhoea:
- STD
- pain while urinate
- yellow/green discharge
- penicillin
Ways to stop spreading diseases
hygiene
destroy vectors
isolation
vaccines
What are nitrates needed for
make proteins for growth
What are magnesium ions needed for?
make chlorophyll for photosynthesis
w/out suffer from chlorosis and have yellow leaves
How do we know plants have diseases?
spots stunted grown discolouration abnormal growth patches of decay malformed stems or leaves
Physical Mechanical and Chemical defenses
Physical
waxy cuticle
cell wall
bark
Chemical
antibacterial chemicals
poisons
Mechanical
thorns
drop or curl
make themselves look like another animal
