Topic 3

Question 1

ribose

Answer 1

pentose simple sugar important for forming backbone of RNA molecules

Question 2

glucose

Answer 2

hexose simple sugar which functions as principle source of the cells energy

Question 3

lipids

Answer 3

provide energy storage, major component of cell membranes, and important role in cell signaling and cell recognition

Question 4

fatty acids

Answer 4

simplest lipid and consist of long hydrocarbon chains; non-polar; hydrophobic

Question 5

triacylglycerols

Answer 5

store fatty acids and consist of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule (insoluble in water)

Question 6

phospholipids

Answer 6

principle component of cell membrane; 2 fatty acids and polar head group (amphipathic)

Question 7

glycolipids

Answer 7

help facilitate cell stability and cell recognition

Question 8

steroid hormones

Answer 8

such as estrogen and testosterone are derivatives of cholesterol and act as singling molecules within and between cells

Question 9

mRNA

Answer 9

carry info from DNA to ribosomes

Question 10

rRNA

Answer 10

involved in protein synthesis

Question 11

tRNA

Answer 11

involved in protein synthesis

Question 12

nucleoside

Answer 12

nitrogenous base linked to ribose or deoxyribose sugar

Question 13

nucleotides

Answer 13

contains phosphate group and are basic building black of RNA and DNA

Question 14

purines

Answer 14

adenine and guanine

Question 15

pyrimidines

Answer 15

cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 16

5’ carbon of deoxyribose

Answer 16

where phosphate group attach

Question 17

3’ carbon

Answer 17

has hydroxyl group that attached to phosphate group of next nucleotide

Question 18

proteins

Answer 18

execute most tasks directed by genetic info of cell; chains of polypeptides

Question 19

amino acids

Answer 19

building blocks of proteins

Question 20

amino group

Answer 20

NH3+

Question 21

carboxyl group

Answer 21

COO-

Question 22

amino side chain

Answer 22

what makes each amino acid different

Question 23

peptide bonds

Answer 23

join amino acids together

Question 24

primary structure

Answer 24

linear sequence of amino acids in polypeptide

Question 25

secondary structure

Answer 25

regular arrangement within localized regions; alpha and beta held together by H bonds

Question 26

tertiary structure

Answer 26

folding of polypeptide chain as result of interacting side chains

Question 27

quaternary structures

Answer 27

interactions between different polypeptide chains

Question 28

lipids constitute ______ of cel membranes

Answer 28

50% of mass; the rest proteins

Question 29

who describes the “fluid mosaic” model

Answer 29

Jonathan Singer, Garth Nicolson

Question 30

hydrophobic molecules……. across membranes

Answer 30

readily diffuse

Question 31

channel proteins

Answer 31

form pores through membrane allowing free passage of molecules of the right size and structure

Question 32

carrier proteins

Answer 32

selectively bind and transport specific small molecules

Question 33

active transport

Answer 33

transport against a conc. gradient

Question 34

passive transport

Answer 34

molecules transported by either channel or carrier proteins along a conc. gradient

Question 35

proteomics

Answer 35

large-scale analysis of cell proteins

Question 36

proteome

Answer 36

all proteins expressed in a given cell

Question 37

systems biology

Answer 37

study of biological systems whose behaviour cannot be reduced to linear sum of their parts