topic 3/4 test Flashcards
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids are very large molecules called polymers
polymers
made of repeating subunits called monomers
basic building block
nucleotide
parts of a nucleotide
phosphate group, nitrogenous base( contains nitrogen) and cyclic sugar ( ribose,RNA) (deoxyribose,DNA)
shape of a DNA molecule
double helix which look like 2 spirals wound around each other
DNA structure
DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA contains all the genetic instructions for making proteins within the cell
each DNA molecule is made of repeating subunits called nucleotides
DNA nitrogenous bases
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
thymine (T)
DNA nitrogenous base pairs
A-T
C-G
how many strands does DNA have
2
how many strands does RNA have
1
RNA base pairs
uracil (U)
adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
types of RNA
mRNA
TRNA
rRNA
mRNA
messenger RNA delivers the pattern of the ribosome
tRNA
transfer RNA delivers an amino acid to the growing protein
rRNA
ribosomal RNA makes up the ribosome (site of protein synthesis)
Transcription
mRNA is made
one segment of the DNA is code is copied using RNA nucleotides
whats a gene
a stretch of DNA that codes for a particular trait
RNA base pairs
C-G
A-U
how many strands does DNA have
2
how many strands does RNA have
1
mRNA
messenger RNA delivers the pattern to the ribosome
tRNA
transfer RNA delivers an amino acid to the growing protein r
rRNA
ribosomal RNA makes up the ribosome (site of protein synthesis
what is made in transcription
mRNA
translation
the mRNA attaches to a ribosomes ( made of RNA and protein) and begins the process of translation
translation takes the language of DNA bases and changes it to amino acids
what is a group of 3 bases called
codon
what is a codon
each codon provides the code for one amino acid ** we know that many amino acids make a protein and the sequence of amino acids is important
what determines the type of protein produced
the sequence
what is a anticodon
end that has 3 unpaired bases
what is dna the pattern for
making mRNA
what does mRna do when it leaves the nucleus
it attaches to a ribosome
what does tRNA do
decodes the mrna message and bring amino acids to build the protein
what does the protein do
detaches from the ribosome and goes off to work in the cell
what are enzymes made of
proteins which are long chains of amino acid
how does a unique shape form
when side chains interact with each other and the protein can combine with other folded proteins
how is the unique shaped determonted
by the sequence of amino acids in the protein
