science topic 2 test Flashcards
what are three parts of cell theory
- All living things are made of one or more cells
- cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
- New cells come from existing cells
Nucleus
located in the center, contains DNA and RNA the direct the activity of the cell
nucleolus
inside the nucleus made of RNA and proteins makes ribosomes
ribosomes
tiny particles of RNA and protein they are not surrounded by a membrane
mitochondria
site of cellular respiration
chloroplasts
only found in plant cells they contain chlorophyll that is necessary for photosynthesis to produce Sugar for the plants use
smooth er
Has no ribosomes and is used to break down carbohydrates , waste and toxins
rough er
has ribosomes attached
golgi apparatus
-modifies packages and helps secrete cell products.`
lysosomes
contains digestive enzymes
vacuole
membrane bound structure for storage of water,food,minerals or waste.
cell membrane
Separates the cell from the environment. Controls what enters and leaves the cell.
cell wall
Only found in plant cells its a rigid structure found outside the cell membrane
cytoplasm
the semi-liquid material that makes up the body of the cell.
What is the exception to the cell theory we learned? Why is it an exception?
The exceptions to the cell theory are viruses. They are a exception because they can’t make new cells on their own
Cellular respiration formula
C6H12O6+ O2> ATP(energy)+CO2+H2O
Where does cellular respiration occur?
the mitochondria
Where do the reactants and products for cellular respiration come from/ go to?
Reactants-Glucose come from carbs that u eat, Oxygen-the air you breathe it in, and they go to the mitochondria
Products- carbon dioxide breath it out , Atp-comes from the glucose, water- sweat.
What are cristae? Why do they exist?
Crises are the folds inside the mitochondria, they exist to increase surface area and to increase the number of reactions and produce mor-e energy.
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is maintaining constant internal body conditions even through external conditions change.
nervous system
the brain and nervous regulate the body through electrochemical signals.
Respiratory
lungs allow gas exchange
Endocrine
Glands regulate the body by producing chemicals called hormones
Circulatory
arteries,veins and capillaries transport materials
Digestive
the salivary glands,stomach and intestine break down food for use by the cells.
Excretory
the kidneys, skin, lungs and bladder remove wastes from the body
Immune
white blood cells fight off pathogens in the body.
Integumentary
skin keep pathogens out of the body and allows regulation of temperature
Muscular
muscles allow movement of the body and materials through the body
Skeletal
bones provide structure, protect organs, produce blood and store minerals.
How do the systems work together to maintain homeostasis?
The systems work together to maintain homeostasis by interacting with each other.
What happens to breathing rate, heart rate, carbon dioxide production during exercise? Why?
During exercise breathing rate,heart rate,carbon dioxide dioxide production all increase during exercise because the body is doing cellular respiration to make energy for your body and give your muscles oxygen.
Photosynthesis formula
sunlight,CO2,H2O > C6H12O6 O2
Where does photosynthesis occur?
the chloroplast.
What are stomata? What is their function in maintaining homeostasis?
Pores found on the underside of a leaf, their function is to regulate gas exchange
What is in charge of opening and closing stomata?
The guard cell are in charge of opening and closing the stomata
What organelle are found in plant cells but not animal cells?
Cell wall + chloroplast
