science topic 3 test

Question 1

what is mitosis

Answer 1

The process of cell division where one parent cell turns into two identical daughter cells

Question 2

reasons for mitosis

Answer 2

1. For growth and development
   2.For repair/replacement of cells that die from injury or normal wear and tear
   3.for asexual reproduction

Question 3

Interphase

Answer 3

Cell increases in size
organelles are copied
DNA is copied
* Majority of the cells life is spent in the phase

Question 4

prophase

Answer 4

DNA condenses into chromosomes and become visible centrioles more to the poles
nucleus and nuclear membrane breakdown

Question 5

metaphase

Answer 5

Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

Question 6

Anaphase

Answer 6

centromeres split,allowing sister chromatids to separate
chromatids move to opposite poles
*phase ends when motion stops

Question 7

telophase

Answer 7

nuclear membrane reforms
nucleolus reappears
chromosomes unwind back into loose DNA
* Technically the end of mitosis which copies the nucleus

Question 8

cytokinesis

Answer 8

division of the cytoplasm in the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells

Question 9

what is meiosis

Answer 9

the process of reducing the number of chromosomes within a specialized cell for the purpose of sexual reproduction.

Question 10

gametes

Answer 10

sex cells

Question 11

haploid cells

Answer 11

• One set of chromosomes
  -contain half the genetic material to make an organism
  (n)

Question 12

diploid cells

Answer 12

2 sets of chromosomes
- cells have a full set of chromosomes
(2n)

Question 13

prophase 1

Answer 13

chromosomes are copied
crossing over occurs

Question 14

crossing-over/recombination

Answer 14

Genes from different chromosomes mix

Question 15

metaphase 1

Answer 15

Homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
independent assortment occurs

Question 16

independent assortment

Answer 16

maternal and paternal chromosomes separate

Question 17

Anaphase 1

Answer 17

homologous chromosomes separate

Question 18

telophase 1

Answer 18

nuclei reform

Question 19

cytokinesis 1

Answer 19

cell splits in half

Question 20

prophase 2

Answer 20

nucleus membrane disappears
new spindle fibers form
centrioles move to the poles
chromosomes are not copied

Question 21

metaphase 2

Answer 21

chromosomes line up in the center

Question 22

anaphase 2

Answer 22

chromatids separate

Question 23

telophase 2

Answer 23

nuclei refoms

Question 24

cytokinesis 2

Answer 24

cells split in half

Question 25

what is sexual reproduction

Answer 25

production involving 2 parents,where offspring are genetically unique . reproduction is the formation for new individuals-important for the survival of the species,but not necessary for the individual organism

Question 26

what does the reproduction system do

Answer 26

produces,stored,and releases specialized sex cells (gametes) that have half the information needed to make a new organism

Question 27

Male reproduction system

Answer 27

main function of the make reproduction system is to produce and deliver sperm FSH and LH cause the testes in males to produce testosterone testosterone will start to produce male characteristics in puberty

Question 28

female reproductive system

Answer 28

primary organs are the ovaries which releases eggs an also prepare a woman's body to nourish a developing embryo FSH and LH cause the ovaries in females to produce estrogen estrogen will produce female characteristics in puberty

Question 29

Steps to sexual reproduction

Answer 29

Meiosis produces gametes Gametes united to form a diploid zygote zygote undergoes mitosis to grow cells differentiate

Question 30

Differentiate

Answer 30

cells specialize all cells have the same DNA each type uses a different part of DNA

Question 31

Placenta

Answer 31

supplies oxygen and nutrients and removes carbon dioxide and waste from the fetus maternal and fetal blood do not mix all transfer happens by diffusion

Question 32

Plant reproductive system

Answer 32

Plant reproductive organs are found within their flowers perfect flowers have both male and female reproductive parts

Question 33

imperfect flowers

Answer 33

have either male or female reproductive parts

Question 34

monoecious plants

Answer 34

have both male and female reproductive organs in the same individual

Question 35

Dioecious plants

Answer 35

have separate male and female individuals

Question 36

Pistil

Answer 36

female parts of a plant -Stigma -Style -Ovary

Question 37

stamen

Answer 37

male parts of a plant Anther (makes pollen) filament

Question 38

Pollination and fertilization

Answer 38

1.pollen must get from the anther to the stigma 2.once on the stigma, a pollen tube grows from the pollen grain down the style to the ovule to deliver sperm to the egg 3.after fertilization the ovary develops into fruit to assist in dispersal