Genetics quiz 3 Flashcards
what are mutations
Mutations are changes in thw base sequence of DNA
What are Somatic mutations
they are mutations that happen in the body cells
what are germ mutations
they are mutations that happen in sex cells
these mutations will be passed into the offspring
what is a nondisjunction mutation
also called chromosome mutations
is when a entire chromosome is lost or added
this happens during meiosis when the chromosomes fail to separate
Gene mutations
is where only part of the chromosome is altered
what are the 3 kinds of gene mutations
neutral-not noticeable
positive or beneficial like lactase persistence
negative or harmful
sickle cell anemia
what is sickle cell anemia
is when the red blood cells are sickle shaped and don’t carry oxygen efficiency
what is sickle cell anemia caused by
mutated hemoglobin molecules
what is selective breeding
is the process of intentionally choosing specific plant or animals with desirable traits to reproduce in order to pass those traits on to future generations
what is increeding
continued selective breeding within the same population will increase the population of the desired characteristics
but will magnify any genetic mutations or problems in the population and concentrate those genetic defect in the gene pool
what are restriction enzymes
they are proteins that cut DNA at specific base sequence because DNA is huge
what is gel electrophoresis
is separating DNA fragments based on their size and create a unique pattern of bands in the gell
what kind of charge does DNA have
negative
what does farther in the gel small or large fragments
small
what is a karyotype
image of an individual’s chromosomes
what is DNA fingerprinting
used to identify individuals by analyzing their unique DNA patterns
