Topic 3 Flashcards
What’s the difference between ego-syntonic and ego-dystonic?
ego systonic - symptoms are natural to them vs dystonic - symptoms are separate from their identity and against their will
What are the distinguishable characteristics of the following PDs: Cluster A
paranoid - always suspicious, 1-4% and men
schizoid - long standing social isolation, unemotional, 1-2% men
schizotypal - odd thinking, odd communication, odd mannerisms, 3-5% men
What are the distinguishable characteristics of the following PDs: Cluster B
Histrionic - self-dramatic, attention seeking, overlaps with other cluster B, 1% women
Narcissistic - self-absorbed, low empathy, 1-6% men, fragile self-concept
Borderline - unstable and unclear self-image, splitting, 1-4% women
antisocial - conduct disorder in childhood resulting in immoral/impulsive acts, often psychopaths, 2-5% men
What are the distinguishable characteristics of the following PDs: Cluster C
avoidant - timid/cautious/hypersensitive, 1-3% no difference in gender
dependent - lack confidence, fear is key, less than 1% women
OCD - perfectionism, 1-8% men, OCD is dystonic, OCPD is systonic
Causes of Borderline PD
genetic link and sexual trauma is linked with 80% which affects limbic system
Causes of Antisocial PD
insufficient arousal of ANS, less activity in frontal lobe, inadequate superego development, genetic
Causes of Schizotypal PD
brain damage, childhood trauma
What treatments are effective with: Cluster A
therapist creating rapport, problem solving (schizoid), patient-therapist relationship (paranoid), CBT and antipsychotics (schizotypal)
What treatments are effective with: Cluster B
boundaries, problem solving, cognitive restructuring/trauma + mood stabilizer like lithium/topiramate (Borderline)
difficult to treat antisocial
What treatments are effective with Cluster C
restructure self-critical thoughts, systematic desensitization of social situations (avoidant)
reinforce independence and address irrational beliefs (dependent)
CBT and general therapy (OCPD)
What are some reasons that PDs are so challenging to treat?
everyone possesses these traits to varying degrees, PD’s are often paired with another mental illness, and cultural differences
What symptoms/characteristics distinguish the 3 clusters of personality?
Cluster A = odd and eccentric (schizoid, paranoid, schizotypal)
Cluster B = dramatic, emotional, erratic (histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial)
Cluster C = anxious/fearful (avoidant, OCD)
What personality disorder was formerly regarded as psychopathy?
antisocial and more common in men
