Substance Abuse and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

What’s the difference between substance vs non-substance addiction?

Answer 1

substance
o alcohol
o caffeine
o cannabis
o stimulants
non-substance
o gambling
o internet
o sex

Question 2

What is the DSM-5-TR diagnosis?

Answer 2

• With at least 2 of the following over a year (2-3 = mild or 6+ severe)
  o Tolerance
  o Withdrawal
  o Failure to fulfill responsibilities
  o Persistent urges
  o Cannot limit
  o Dangerous
  o Impacts social life

Question 3

What are some substance abuse terms

Answer 3

Abuse - recurrent use of substance over 12 months leading to impairment

dependence - recurrent use leading to impairment and tolerance/withdrawal
o DSM makes no distinction between abuse and dependence

physical vs psychological

intoxication - impact on CNS causing behavioral and emotional problems

Question 4

How are SUD’s affecting society?

Answer 4

22% admit using drugs and 16% met criteria for SUD

18-25yr olds and males are most likely to participate

DMS has 10 categories, but most easiest distinction is: depressant, stimulant, hallucinogen

Question 5

What are depressants?

Answer 5

lowers CNS, high GABA, low glutamate, high dopamine

alcohol

Question 6

What happens with AUD?

Answer 6

10% of Americans

alcoholism is not in DMS-5, but causes billions in damages

binge drinking is common

Question 7

What are the effects of alcohol

Answer 7

lowered inhibition + increased self-confidence + increased relaxation

Blood levels: >0.8 = noticeable problems and >0.25 = loss of consciousness

Question 8

What factors contribute to alcohol usage?

Answer 8

expectancy of effects, context, drinking experience

Question 9

What’s the difference between opiates and opioids?

Answer 9

opiates (natural) = opium, codeine, heroin

opioids (synthetic) = oxy, hydro, fentanyl

Question 10

What are the effects of opioids

Answer 10

:pleasurable rush –> dreamy euphoria + combo with other drugs
:hijack pain receptors
:physical dependence - vomiting, slowed breathing, comatose, constipation

Question 11

What are sedatives and what do they do?

Answer 11

:Barbs and Benzos

:inhibit CNS leading to relaxation

:withdrawal/negative effects - anxiety, pain, synergistic effects + tolerance

Question 12

What are stimulants? And what do they do?

Answer 12

:stims - amphetas, caffeine, tobacco

:effects - excitatory effects on CNS –> hyperactivity + arousal

Question 13

What are amphetamines and the effects?

Answer 13

:excitatory originally meant to control asthma and congestion

:effects - increase dopamine, constrict blood vessels, inhibit appetite + euphoric rush leads to habit forming and crashing

Question 14

What are the guidelines/problems with caffeine?

Answer 14

:safe = <400mg vs unsafe >600mg

:caffeine intoxication = irritability + GI problems + excitement

Question 15

What are the problems with nicotine?

Answer 15

: leading cause of preventable death, avoidance of withdrawal continues dependence, vaping is trendy

Question 16

What are the problems with cocaine?

Answer 16

very euphoric and very short