Topic 3

Question 1

Are instances when advancements in S&tT changed people’s perceptions and beliefs

Answer 1

Intellectual Revolution

Question 2

Refers to the series of events that led emergence of modern science and the progress of scientific thinking accross critical periods in history

Answer 2

Intellectual Revolution

Question 3

intellectual revolutions encourage critical thinking and questioning of established norms and beliefs

Answer 3

critical thinking

Question 4

they foster creativity, innovation, and the development of new ideas and concept

Answer 4

innovation

Question 5

historical examples

Answer 5

1. the renaissance
2. the scientific revolution
3. the enlightenment

Question 6

a period of IR in europe, marked by flourishing of arts, science, and humanism

Answer 6

Renaissance

Question 7

led to significant advancements in scientific knowledge and the emergence of the scientific method

Answer 7

The Scientific Revolution

Question 8

emphasized reason, individualism, and the pursuit of knowledge as the key to progress and social reform

Answer 8

The Enlightenment

Question 9

two stages

Answer 9

1. sweeping of the old
2. establishing of the new

Question 10

who made the 2 stages

Answer 10

Jean Sylvain Bailley

Question 11

Intellectual Revolutions

Answer 11

1. Copernican
2. Darwinian
3. Freudian

Question 12

The invention of __________ allowed people to take a peek at the outer space, but more importantly, it also intrigued them to know what was out there.

Answer 12

Telescopes

Question 13

In the early times, people questioned what created days and night. So, they wanted to understand what heavenly bodies like stars, moons, and planets are.

Answer 13

COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

Question 14

Famous philosopher and astronomer

Answer 14

CLADUIS PTOLEMY

Question 15

Stated that the planets, as well as the sun and the moon, moved in a circular motion around the Earth

Answer 15

CLADUIS PTOLEMY

Question 16

He believes that the Earth was the center – geocentrism

Answer 16

CLADUIS PTOLEMY

Question 17

In 16th century, a Polish mathematician and astronomer, challenged the Ptolemaic model.

Answer 17

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

Question 18

He introduced a new concept known as Heliocentrism, which suggested that the center of the Solar System was not Earth but actually the sun

Answer 18

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

Question 19

Refers to the 16th century paradigm shift

Answer 19

COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

Question 20

• Commentarioles (40-page outline)
• De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (1543)
• Repositioned the Earth from the center of the SS and introduced the idea that the earth rotates on its own axis

Answer 20

Heliocentric model

Question 21

Resistance from the church, thus Copernicus was
accused of heresy, and he faced __________

Answer 21

persecution from the church

Question 22

Copernican model had multiple inadequacies that were later filled in by other astronomers and later accepted by other scientists like _____________

Answer 22

Galileo Galilei

Question 23

All planets revolved around the sun not in a circular orbit but elliptical orbits. The closer a planet to the sunt he faster it moves

Answer 23

KEPLER’S LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION

Question 24

KEPLER’S LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION

Answer 24

Johannes Kepler

Question 25

Was considered to be one of the most controversial intellectual revolutions of its time.

Answer 25

Darwinian Revolution

Question 26

Darwin gathered evidence pointing to what we now know as ___________

Answer 26

Natural selection

Question 27

It is an evolutionary process by which organisms, including humans, inherit, develop and adapt traits that favored survival and reproduction. These traits are manifested in offspring that are more fit and well-suited to the challenges of survival and reproduction

Answer 27

Natural selection

Question 28

Accused of being short in accounting for the broad and complex evolutionary process or dismissive of the idea that the functional design of organism was a manifestation of an omniscient God

Answer 28

Theory of Evolution: Controversy

Question 29

Because of this conflict, people were divided-some believed that the theory explained the origin of life but the religious and the faithful strongly refuted it.

Answer 29

DARWIN REVOLUTION: CONTROVERSY

Question 30

In the past, the field of psychology was always classified under philosophy. Psychology was considered more of an art rather than a science.

Answer 30

FREUDIAN REVOLUTION

Question 31

In the late 19th, ______________ was able to change the people’s perception of psychology with his revolutionary theory of Psychoanalysis.

Answer 31

Sigmund Freud

Question 32

Austrian neurologist & the one that Introduced PSYCHOANALYSIS

Answer 32

Sigmund Freud

Question 33

Is the study that explains human behavior

Answer 33

Psychoanalysis

Question 34

Existence of unconscious where feelings, thoughts, urges, emotions, and memories are contained outside of one’s conscious mind

Answer 34

Psychoanalysis

Question 35

Psychoanalytic concepts

Answer 35

psychosexual development, libido, and ego

Question 36

operates as a moral conscience (Conscience)

Answer 36

Super-ego

Question 37

the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories (Pleasure Principle)

Answer 37

ID

Question 38

The realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super ego (Reality Principle)

Answer 38

Ego

Question 39

3 conflicting elements of personality & meaning

Answer 39

ID = Instincts Super-ego = Morality Ego = Reality

Question 40

- Lack of vitality and bordering on being unscientific - Considered as ideological than scientific

Answer 40

Freudian Revolution Criticism

Question 41

IMPACT AND SIGNIFICANCE: Revolutionized how we think about and treat ____________

Answer 41

Mental health conditions

Question 42

IS: Founded ___________ as a way of listening to patients and better understanding how their minds work

Answer 42

Psychoanalysis

Question 43

IMPACT AND SIGNIFICANCE: Continues to have an enormous influence on _____________

Answer 43

modern psychology and psychiatry

Question 44

Freud is credited for dominating _________ in the early 20th century

Answer 44

psychotherapeutic practice

Question 45

Face resistance from those who benefit from maintaining the status quo

Answer 45

RESISTANCE TO CHANGE

Question 46

Critics argue that intellectual revolutions often lead to the erosion of traditional values and cultural heritage

Answer 46

LOSS OF TRADITION

Question 47

The pursuit of new ideas may raise ethical questions and dilemmas that need to be addressed during an intellectual revolution

Answer 47

ETHICAL DILEMMAS