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STS 101 > Topic 3 > Flashcards

Topic 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Are instances when advancements in S&tT changed people’s perceptions and beliefs

A

Intellectual Revolution

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2
Q

Refers to the series of events that led emergence of modern science and the progress of scientific thinking accross critical periods in history

A

Intellectual Revolution

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3
Q

intellectual revolutions encourage critical thinking and questioning of established norms and beliefs

A

critical thinking

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4
Q

they foster creativity, innovation, and the development of new ideas and concept

A

innovation

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5
Q

historical examples

A
  1. the renaissance
  2. the scientific revolution
  3. the enlightenment
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6
Q

a period of IR in europe, marked by flourishing of arts, science, and humanism

A

Renaissance

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7
Q

led to significant advancements in scientific knowledge and the emergence of the scientific method

A

The Scientific Revolution

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8
Q

emphasized reason, individualism, and the pursuit of knowledge as the key to progress and social reform

A

The Enlightenment

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9
Q

two stages

A
  1. sweeping of the old
  2. establishing of the new
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10
Q

who made the 2 stages

A

Jean Sylvain Bailley

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11
Q

Intellectual Revolutions

A
  1. Copernican
  2. Darwinian
  3. Freudian
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12
Q

The invention of __________ allowed people to take a peek at the outer space, but more importantly, it also intrigued them to know what was out there.

A

Telescopes

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13
Q

In the early times, people questioned what created days and night. So, they wanted to understand what heavenly bodies like stars, moons, and planets are.

A

COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

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14
Q

Famous philosopher and astronomer

A

CLADUIS PTOLEMY

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15
Q

Stated that the planets, as well as the sun and the moon, moved in a circular motion around the Earth

A

CLADUIS PTOLEMY

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16
Q

He believes that the Earth was the center – geocentrism

A

CLADUIS PTOLEMY

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17
Q

In 16th century, a Polish mathematician and astronomer, challenged the Ptolemaic model.

A

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

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18
Q

He introduced a new concept known as Heliocentrism, which suggested that the center of the Solar System was not Earth but actually the sun

A

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

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19
Q

Refers to the 16th century paradigm shift

A

COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

20
Q
  • Commentarioles (40-page outline)
  • De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (1543)
  • Repositioned the Earth from the center of the SS and introduced the idea that the earth rotates on its own axis
A

Heliocentric model

21
Q

Resistance from the church, thus Copernicus was
accused of heresy, and he faced __________

A

persecution from the church

22
Q

Copernican model had multiple inadequacies that were later filled in by other astronomers and later accepted by other scientists like _____________

A

Galileo Galilei

23
Q

All planets revolved around the sun not in a circular orbit but elliptical orbits. The closer a planet to the sunt he faster it moves

A

KEPLER’S LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION

24
Q

KEPLER’S LAW OF PLANETARY MOTION

A

Johannes Kepler

25
Q

Was considered to be one of the most controversial intellectual revolutions of its time.

A

Darwinian Revolution

26
Q

Darwin gathered evidence pointing to what we now know as ___________

A

Natural selection

27
Q

It is an evolutionary process by which organisms, including humans, inherit, develop and adapt traits that favored survival and reproduction. These traits are manifested in offspring that are more fit and well-suited to the challenges of survival and reproduction

A

Natural selection

28
Q

Accused of being short in accounting for the broad and complex evolutionary process or dismissive of the idea that the functional design of organism was a manifestation of an omniscient God

A

Theory of Evolution: Controversy

29
Q

Because of this conflict, people were divided-some believed that the theory explained the origin of life but the religious and the faithful strongly refuted it.

A

DARWIN REVOLUTION: CONTROVERSY

30
Q

In the past, the field of psychology was always classified under philosophy. Psychology was considered more of an art rather than a science.

A

FREUDIAN REVOLUTION

31
Q

In the late 19th, ______________ was able to change the people’s perception of psychology with his revolutionary theory of Psychoanalysis.

A

Sigmund Freud

32
Q

Austrian neurologist & the one that Introduced PSYCHOANALYSIS

A

Sigmund Freud

33
Q

Is the study that explains human behavior

A

Psychoanalysis

34
Q

Existence of unconscious where feelings, thoughts, urges, emotions, and memories are contained outside of one’s conscious mind

A

Psychoanalysis

35
Q

Psychoanalytic concepts

A

psychosexual development, libido, and ego

36
Q

operates as a moral conscience (Conscience)

A

Super-ego

37
Q

the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories (Pleasure Principle)

A

ID

38
Q

The realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super ego (Reality Principle)

A

Ego

39
Q

3 conflicting elements of personality & meaning

A

ID = Instincts
Super-ego = Morality
Ego = Reality

40
Q
  • Lack of vitality and bordering on being unscientific
  • Considered as ideological than scientific
A

Freudian Revolution Criticism

41
Q

IMPACT AND SIGNIFICANCE: Revolutionized how we think about and treat ____________

A

Mental health conditions

42
Q

IS: Founded ___________ as a way of listening to patients and better understanding how their minds work

A

Psychoanalysis

43
Q

IMPACT AND SIGNIFICANCE: Continues to have an enormous influence on _____________

A

modern psychology and psychiatry

44
Q

Freud is credited for dominating _________ in the early 20th century

A

psychotherapeutic practice

45
Q

Face resistance from those who benefit from maintaining the status quo

A

RESISTANCE TO CHANGE

46
Q

Critics argue that intellectual revolutions often lead to the erosion of traditional values and cultural heritage

A

LOSS OF TRADITION

47
Q

The pursuit of new ideas may raise ethical questions and dilemmas that need to be addressed during an intellectual revolution

A

ETHICAL DILEMMAS

STS 101 (14 decks)

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