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highway > topic 2.2: highway planning and development > Flashcards

topic 2.2: highway planning and development Flashcards

1
Q

_____ plays a vital role for the transportation of people and goods from one place to another even with the farthest possible distance or expansion to cover.

A

highway

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2
Q

____ is a branch of Civil Engineering, more specifically a specialized field of Transportation Engineering.

A

highway engineering

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3
Q

What are the 3 scope of highway engineering?

A

design, construction, maintenance

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4
Q

___ is a fundamental requirement for highway development. It is beneficial to a highway project’s success.

A

highway planning

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5
Q

____ always be in the inital stage in each project.

A

highway planning

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6
Q

____ critical when financial and materials resources grow scarce.

A

highway planning

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7
Q

_____ is securing the services of appropriate professionals, specialists, and experts is a must.

A

highway planning

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8
Q

What are the 5 importance of highway planning?

A
  1. to design a road system that enables for reliable and practical traffic flow while keeping expenditures to a minimum
  2. to determine the road system and length of different types of roads
  3. estbalishing timelines for the development of each road link
  4. to plan for future deemands and road improvements
  5. to figure up a funding system
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9
Q

What are the 8 classification of roads?

A
  1. depending on weather
  2. depending on the type of carriage way
  3. depending upon the pavement surface
  4. depending on rigidity
  5. based on topography
  6. based on economy
  7. based on traffic volume
  8. based on traffic type
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10
Q

____ divides and classifies the roads into various classes relying upon the sort of administration every road is needed to give.

A

classification of roads or road classification system

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11
Q

What are the 2 classifications of roads depending on weather?

A
  1. all weather roads
  2. fair weather roads
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12
Q

What are the 2 classifications of roads depending on the type of carriage way?

A
  1. paved roads
  2. unpaved roads
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13
Q

What are the 2 classifications of roads depending on upon the pavement surface?

A
  1. surface roads
  2. unsurfaced roads
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14
Q

What are the 2 classifications of roads depending on rigidity?

A
  1. flexible roads
  2. rigid roads
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15
Q

What are the 2 classifications of roads depending on topography?

A
  1. hilling roads
  2. plain area roads
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16
Q

What are the 3 classifications of roads depending on economy?

A
  1. meduim-cost roads
  2. low-cost roads
  3. high-cost roads
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17
Q

What are the 3 classifications of roads depending on traffic volume?

A
  1. heavy
  2. medium
  3. light
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18
Q

What are the 3 classifications of roads depending on traffic type?

A
  1. pedestrian track
  2. bicycle lane
  3. motor vehicle lane
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19
Q

What are the 3 types of road classification?

A
  1. arterial roads
  2. collector roads
  3. local roads
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20
Q

An ____ road joins the central business point to the outside residential areas.

A

arterial roads

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21
Q

____ collect and deliver the traffic to and from local streets and arterials.

A

collector roads

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22
Q

_____ don’t carry a large volume of traffic like arterials.

A

local roads

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23
Q

What are the road classifications in the Philippines?

A

national roads, local roads

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24
Q

What are the 3 under nationals roads?

A
  1. national primary road
  2. national secondary road
  3. national tertiary road
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25
Q

____ are a contiguous length of significant road sections extending linearly without any breaks or forks hat connect major cities (at least around 100,000 population) comprising the main trunk line or the backbone of the national road system.

A

national primary roads

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26
Q

____ directly connect cities to national primary roads, except in metropolitan areas.

A

national secondary roads

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27
Q

_____ are roads that divert through traffic away from the city/municipality business centers (with affirmative feasibility study).

A

bypass/diversion roads

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28
Q

____ refers to other existing roads under DPWH which perform a local function.

A

national tertiary road

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29
Q

What are the 4 under local roads?

A
  1. provincial roads
  2. municipal and city roads
  3. barangay roads
  4. expressways
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30
Q

____ connect cities and municipalities without traversing National Roads.

A

provincial roads

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31
Q

____ are roads that connect to Provincial and National Roads.

A

municipal and city roads

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32
Q

____ are other public roads (officially turned over to LGUs) within the barangay and not covered in the above definitions.

A

barangay roads

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33
Q

_____are highways with limited access, normally with interchanges; may include facilities for levying tolls for passage in an open or closed system.

A

expressways

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34
Q

_____ reduces time travel for emergency vehicles and manages traffic.

A

road patterns

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35
Q

What are the 6 types of road patterns?

A
  1. rectangular/block pattern
  2. radial or star & block pattern
  3. radial or star & circular pattern
  4. radial or star & grid pattern
  5. hexagonal pattern
  6. minimum travel pattern
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36
Q

_____ roads are perpendicularly organized into grids or blocks.

A

rectangular/block pattern

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37
Q

____ are roads forming radial and block patterns.

A

radial or star & block pattern

38
Q

___ refers to roads that radiate from the center outwardly.

A

radial or star & block pattern

39
Q

____ has a radial and circular pattern.

A

radial or star & circular pattern

40
Q

In ____, main roads radiate from the center point and are connected by ring roads radiated outwardly.

A

radial or star & circular pattern

41
Q

____ roads radiate from the center outwardly, radial and grid pattern.

A

radial or star & grid pattern

42
Q

___ entire area is divided into hexagonal patterns.

A

hexagonal pattern

43
Q

____ roads grow linearly in one direction due to the presence of natural forces (sea or ocean).

A

minimum travel pattern

44
Q

What are the 2 planning surveys?

A
  1. surveying
  2. urban planning
45
Q

_____ is the process of taking precise measurements of the Earth’s surfaces on a massive scale.

A

surveying

46
Q

____ plan, design, and distribute spaces to promote health and social outcomes.

A

urban planners

47
Q

What are the 4 you must consider in urban planning?

A
  1. physical shape
  2. economic functions
  3. social consequences
  4. positioning of various activities
48
Q

What are the 4 planning survey studies?

A
  1. economic studies
  2. financial studies
  3. traffic or road use studies
  4. engineering studies
49
Q

___ is a selection of the best possible strategy, among various alternatives, necessities understanding the economics of highway projects.

A

economic studies

50
Q

____ are essential to study the financial aspects like sources of income and the manner in which funds for the project may be mobilized.

A

financial studies

51
Q

____ generally depends on the sources of income and estimated revenue from taxation on road transport.

A

financial studies

52
Q

____ provide insightful information during the planning and design phases of projects.

A

traffic or road use studies

53
Q

These studies can help determine the impact of phased developments, determine if traffic signals are needed, and determine if service and emergency vehicles can properly access the site.

A

traffic or road use studies

54
Q

____ is defined as those activities involved in the planning and execution of surveys for the location, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of civil and other engineered projects.

A

engineering studies

55
Q

What are the 2 classifications of planning surveys?

A
  1. pre-planning survey
  2. post-planning survey
56
Q

What are the 4 types of planning survey?

A
  1. civic socio-economic survey
  2. town survey
  3. regional survey
  4. national survey
57
Q

____ is performed at the local level for redevelopment schemes, slum improvement schemes, and master plans.

A

civic socio-economic survey

58
Q

_____ is the foundation stone of the planning framework.

A

civic socio-economic survey

59
Q

____ is smaller scale and in addition to the data gathered through regional surveys.

A

town survey

60
Q

Physical, Sociological, and Economic Surveys are all part of the process.

A

town survey

61
Q

What are the 4 parts of physical survey under town survey?

A
  1. natural features
  2. conditions of the buildings
  3. land use
  4. communication
62
Q

What are the 3 parts of the social survey under town survey?

A
  1. population
  2. housing
  3. community facilities
63
Q

What are the 3 factors of regional survey?

A
  1. physical factors
  2. physical economic
  3. social economic variables
64
Q

Data on natural resources and their potential is being collected.

A

national survey

65
Q

Heavy industries are the subject of this study.

A

national survey

66
Q

_____ considers the present and the future utilization of transportation systems to maximize transport services with minimal operation, maintenance, and environmental cost.

A

route planning

67
Q

To establish specific goals and to prescriptions for developing road networks is the main goal of ____.

A

route planning

68
Q

____ is the position occupied by the center line of a highway in plan.

A

highway alignment

69
Q

What are the 5 requirements of an Ideal Highway Alignment?

A
  1. directness
  2. ease of construction, maintenance and operation
  3. safety
  4. economy
  5. special considerations
70
Q

What are the 2 types of highway alignment?

A
  1. horizontal alignment
  2. vertical alignment
71
Q

____ deals with the change of direction.

A

horizontal alignment

72
Q

What are the 3 that consists of horizontal alignment?

A
  1. straight points
  2. curved paths
  3. horizontal deviators
73
Q

____ deals with the change of longitudinal gradients.

A

vertical alignment

74
Q

What are the 7 factors controlling highway alignment?

A
  1. obligatory points
  2. topographical features
  3. geometrical design aspects
  4. cross-drainage needs
  5. proximity to materials and labours
  6. economic considerations
  7. political considerations
75
Q

______ determines the highway alignment to maximize its utilization.

A

obligatory points

76
Q

What are the 2 obligatory points?

A
  1. positive obligitary points
  2. negative obligatory points
77
Q

____ indicates where the alignment should pass.

A

positive obligitary points

78
Q

____ indicates where the alignment should NOT pass.

A

negative obligatory points

79
Q

Road alignments, as much as possible should avoid passing through ______ that may cause more construction cost, labor, and danger to the transportations.

A

topographical features

80
Q

___ factors include the determination of the radius of the curve, longitudinal gradients, sight distances, road intersections, design speed, lateral friction, and super-elevation.

A

geometrical design aspect

81
Q

If in this case, the alignment should be in a way that bridges are located at right angles to the direction of flow of the stream or river.

A

cross-drainage needs

82
Q

In road making, it is important to consider the proximity of the resources needed and the availability of the materials.

A

proximity to materials and labours

83
Q

Before finalizing the alignment, the construction cost, maintenance cost, and operation cost should be considered.

A

economic considerations

84
Q

In some cases, political factors are considered and may affect the decision of alignment.

A

political considerations

85
Q

What are the 4 engineering surveys for highway location?

A
  1. map study
  2. reconnaissance survey
  3. preliminary survey
  4. final location and detailed survey
86
Q

_____ provides a view of the important topogrpahic features such as mountains, valleys, hills, rivers, and ridges.

A

map study

87
Q

____ examine the possible alignments observed during the study of topographical maps.

A

reconnaissance survey

88
Q

This survey is done by using simple surveying instruments.

A

reconnaissance survey

89
Q

____ collect all the necessary physical information about the proposed highway alignment.

A

preliminary survey

90
Q

The highway is finalized and translated on the ground.

A

final location and detailed survey

91
Q

Road alignment should consider ____ to a greater degree to facilitate maneuvering of vehicles easily and safely.

A

geometric design aspect

highway (10 decks)

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