topic 2.1: highway development and planning

Question 1

What are the 5 historical development of road construction?

Answer 1

1. Roman roads
2. Tresaguet construction
3. Metcalf construction
4. Telford construction
5. Macadam construction

Question 2

What are the 3 main features of Roman roads?

Answer 2

1. built straight regardless of gradients
2. built after the soft soil was removed and a hard stratum was reached
3. total thickness of construction was as high as 0.75 to 1.2 meters

Question 3

Tresaguet construction was developed by _______ (Inspector General of Roads from 1775-1785) in France.

Answer 3

Pierre Tresaguet

Question 4

What are 4 main features of Tresaguet construction?

Answer 4

1. thickness of construction is only 30 cm
2. subgrade moisture condition and drainage surface water are considered
3. top wearing course was made up of smaller slope
4. shoulder sloping was also provided

Question 5

Metcalf construction was developed by _____ (1717-1810) in England.

Answer 5

John Metcalf

Question 6

____ was known as Blind Jack of Knaresborough.

Answer 6

John Metcalf

Question 7

Telford construction was developed by _____ (1757-1834).

Answer 7

Thomas Telford

Question 8

_____ was the founder of the Institution of Civil Engineers at London.

Answer 8

Thomas Telford

Question 9

What are 4 main feaures of Telford construction?

Answer 9

1. proposed a level sub-grade of width 9 m
2. thickness of foundation stone varied from 17 cm to edges to 22 cm at the center
3. a binding layer of wearing course 4 cm thick was provided with cross slope of 1 in 45
4. the central of 5.5 m with was covered with 2 layers of angular broken stones to compacted thickness of 10 cm and 5 cm

Question 10

What is the approximate thickness of Telford construction?

Answer 10

41 cm

Question 11

Macadam construction was developed by _____ (1756-1836).

Answer 11

John Macadam

Question 12

____ was the Surveyor General of Roads in England.

Answer 12

John Macadam

Question 13

What are the 2 main features of Macadam construction?

Answer 13

1. first method based on scientific thinking
2. the importance of subgrade, drainage and compaction was recognized

Question 14

What is the thickness of Macadam construction?

Answer 14

25 cm

Question 15

What are 4 subsequent developments based on Macadam’s Construction?

Answer 15

1. water bound macadam
2. traffic bound macadam
3. bituminous madcadam
4. cement macadam